Term
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Definition
First line of defense
Mechanical and Chemical defense
Normal Flora
-Protective, Gram +, Opportunist |
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Term
2 minor skin infections
(details) |
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Definition
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes
localized infections
systemic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Typical bacteria types (4) |
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Definition
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas
Propionibacteria |
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Term
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Definition
clusters
S. aureus-most pathogenic
S. epidermis-opportunist (implants)
S. saprophyticus- opportunist (uti)
most are penicillin G resistant
MRSA-methicillin resistent staph. aureus resist ALL penicilln
catalase pos
coagulase- S. Aureus-pos, Others- neg |
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Term
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Definition
Coagulase positive
golden yellow colonies
exotoxins- leukocidiins, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin
MRSA (problem!!)- nasal carriage common, resist all penicillin
--vancomycin effective, but VRSA developing |
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Term
|
Definition
Localized
-Follicultis, Furnicle, Carbuncle
-each deeper and more damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock
-fever vomiting, rash, shock (asso. with tampons.) |
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Term
|
Definition
>30 species
5 important
especially S. pyogenes, S. agalaciea, S. pneumonia
chains |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha- partial digestion, green brown color on blood agar
Beta-complete digestion, clearing of red color on blood agar
Gamma- no effect on blood agar, just grows |
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Term
| Virulence factors for toxins |
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Definition
| antiphagocytic: M protien, eyrthrogenic toxin, DNAse, NADase, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, leukocidins |
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Term
|
Definition
| High fever, bright red rash |
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Term
|
Definition
| crushed pustules around mouth, especially newborns |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
red swollen tonsils, pharynx, purulent exudate on tonsils, high fever, swollen lymph nodes.
Delayed reaction 1-3 days
rhumatic fever heart damage
glomerulonephritis- kidney damage
diagnosed by swab test
-rapid antigen detection test-quick not sensitive
growth-throat swab overnight on blood agar |
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Term
|
Definition
gram neg
polar flagella
aeroic
blue green pigment- can secrete into media
grape like sweet odor |
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Term
|
Definition
mainly oppourunist
-sick, immunocompromised, burn patients
very tough
-resists almost all antibiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
feeds on sebum-hence problem at puberty
causes inflammation, skin scarring |
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Term
|
Definition
human papilloma virus
benign skin tumors
spread-direct contact
treatment-freeze, burn, electrical, acid
associated with cervical cancers
vaccine |
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Term
|
Definition
zoster
part of herpes family
one virus
-two diseases- chicken pox, shingles |
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Term
|
Definition
varicella
highly contagious, childhood
virus remains latent in nerve cells
vaccine used to control
old complication with asprin use
-reyes syndrom- rare now |
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Term
|
Definition
herpes zoster
reactivation
some trigger-trauma, immunosuppression, ?
painful lesions
rash along sensory nerve- trunk, head, eye
Treatment- vaccine, acylovir-soon after outbreak, zoster immune globulin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
genital sores
clinically same as type 1
can swap sites |
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Term
|
Definition
latent in nerve cells
tirgger
-trauma, UV, immunosuppression, ??
treatment-acyclovir |
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Term
|
Definition
respiratory route
characteristic kiplik spots in throat
-red spots-bluish/white specks in center
extremely infectious
sotry-virus can linger2hrs after infected child leaves waiting room-cold still infect
can be deadly kills many in refugee camps |
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Term
|
Definition
cutaneous
hair, nails, outer layer
Tinea capitis-head
Tinea pedis- foot
ringworm
release keratinase-raised inflamed ring, healing center
loss hair, flaky skin, crumbly nails |
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Term
|
Definition
cut in skin
soil fungus
-roses, sphagnum moss
may spread via lymph system |
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Term
|
Definition
candidiasis
-yeast like fungus
oral cavity-thrush
-white coating
groin-diaper rash
-vaginitis |
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Term
|
Definition
burrowing mites
extreme itching |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
inflammation of conjunctiva
-outer coating eyeball, inner eyelid
Staph, strep, neiseseria |
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Term
|
Definition
leading cause of preventable blindness
Chlamidia trachomatis
-infects epithelial cells of eye
-causes hard pustules inner surface eyelid
-scratches eye when blink |
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Term
|
Definition
acanthamoeba
-esp in contact lens wearers
--improperly prepared saline sol'n
--not heated enough |
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Term
|
Definition
membranes
-meningitis
--headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, convulsions,coma, death
--necrosis, clogged bv, edema |
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Term
|
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
Neisseria meningitis- 5-40
streptococcus pneumonia- >40
haemophilus influenzae type 2 mos-5yrs
treat promptly
-penicillin G, Ceftriaxone |
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Term
|
Definition
listeria monocytogenes
-pregnant women
--sepsis, bacteremia
-fetus/baby, elderly, immonosuppressed
--still births, neurological problems- meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
Dairy products
-milk, soft cheese
Deli meats
can grow at refrigerator temps |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium tetani
obligat anaerobe
gram positive
endospore forming
soil bacteria
deep puncture wounds
-little bleeding, little oxygen
-secretes toxins-neurotoxin
--spastic paralysis
--contracts not relax
--cannot breathe, lock jaw |
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Term
|
Definition
vaccination DPT
passive immunity
-tetanus immune glonulin
active immunity
-tetanus toxoid vaccine |
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Term
|
Definition
similar to tetanus
exotoxin
-90% foodborne
--ingest toxin
--smoked fish
--improper canned veggies
---especially non acid-pH>4.7
very potent
colorless, odorless, tasteless
heat sensitive-boiling kills
neurotoxin
-flaccid paralysis
-never contracts
respiratory failure-"iron lung" |
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Term
| Botulism in honey for infants |
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Definition
bacteria ingested in honey
can survive/grow in intestine
produce toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
viral disease
humans only known host
infecting people for long time
ingestion by fecal contaminated water |
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Term
|
Definition
salk-fromalin inactivated
-mainly used now
sabin-live attenuated
-not in use
-problem-reversion
--vaccinated will shed fully active virus
Virus will soon be eliminated
-enough people vaccinated
-virus will have no where to live |
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Term
|
Definition
rhabdo virus
ss RNA virus
bullet shaped, enveloped
Bite from infected animal-saliva
-travels vis peripheral nerves to CNS
-fatal encephalitis
takes time
incubation weeks to years, allow time for vaccination
once symptoms appear, 100% mortality-headach fever, nausea, coma, death
causes hydrophobia |
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Term
|
Definition
fear of water
swallowing, thought of swallowing
-trigger painful pharyngeal muscle spasms, foaming at mouth
--not want to swallow |
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Term
|
Definition
clean bite
hyperimmune rabies serum around bite
Vaccination
-series of shots over time
-virus grown in human diploid fibroblast cells. harvest and inactivate |
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Term
|
Definition
fungal
-yeast like
inhale infected pigeon droppings
-lungs asymptomatic, through blood to brain
--meningoencephalitis
---headache, confusion, nausea, seizures, coma
aids, immunosuppressed at risk.
ampotericin B |
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Term
|
Definition
african sleeping skckness
-Trypanosoma
--vector TseTse fly
progressive disease
blood>lymph nodes>CNS
-sleep continually, coma, death
organism keeps changing outer glycoprotein coat |
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Term
|
Definition
naegleria spp
meningo-encephalitis
-thru nasal passages to brain
-assoc with swimming in poor water
-opportunist
-95% die w/in week |
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Term
|
Definition
protien
animals, humans
spongiform encephalopathy |
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