Term
| What are the classifications of the Linnaean hierarchy? |
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Definition
DEAR KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP
Domain – most broadly defined, most inclusive group
Kingdom
Phylum (Phyla = plural)
Class
Order
Family
Genus (Genera =plural)
Species – most narrowly defined, least inclusive group |
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Term
| How do we place organisms in groups? |
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Definition
| Based on evolutionary relationships |
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Term
| How are evolutionary relationships derived? |
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Definition
| Through homologous structures |
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Term
| What are possible domains? |
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Definition
Eubacteria (bacteria)
Eukaryotes (plants and animals) |
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Term
| Give examples of some kingdoms |
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Definition
| bacteria, plantae, animalia |
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Term
| What is the purpose/importance of classification? |
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Definition
1. organize into framework
2. show evolutionary relationships
3. show how closely related
4. provide unique binomial name for each species |
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Term
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Definition
single-celled microorganisms
no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles
many live in extreme environments (hot springs, salt lakes, your colon) |
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Term
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Definition
Prokaryotic (the lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus)
predominantly unicellular
with DNA in single circular chromosome
include most of the familiar medical bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus , Salmonella, Streptomyces, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
From greek (good nut = nucleus)
contain nucleus, other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts (in plants and algae) |
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Term
| What were the first eukaryotes and how did they arise? |
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Definition
| Protists, and they arose via endosymbiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| when one organism lives inside of another (so chloroplasts and mitochondria had evolved, a bacteria ingested them, and both benefited from one being inside of the other, so eventually eukaryotes all have chloroplasts and/or mitochondria) |
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Term
| Name some examples of protists |
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Definition
Protazoans (zo = zoo = animals)- many have cilia and can move, ancestors to fungi and animals, includes amoebas
Algae (both unicellular and multicellular) ancestors to plants
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Term
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Definition
• heterotrophs (another + nutrition)- can't do photosynthesis
• external digestion (when enzymes are secreted to digest food outside of the organism. Then the soluble nutrients are absorbed by the organism)
• cell walls (tougher than plasma membrane, although also has plasma membrane) |
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Term
| what's the relationship between hyphae and mycelium |
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Definition
| mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae |
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Term
| what are the characteristics of kingdom plantae? |
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Definition
autotrophs (self + nutrition)
cell walls (remember, they are outside of the plasma membrane and give more protection but are still flexible) |
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Term
| what is the "pipes" component of the plant's vascular system? |
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Definition
xylem up, phloem down
(and xylem is inside of the layer of phloem) |
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Term
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Definition
| where the cell stores sugar and proteins |
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Term
| what are the two categories of green algae plants? |
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Definition
| Vascular and non-vascular |
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Term
| what kinds of plants are non-vascular and give some examples |
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Definition
bryophytes are the kind
examples are hornwarts, liverwarts, and mosses |
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Term
| what are the two categories of vascular plants? |
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Definition
| seedless and seed producing |
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Term
| what kind of plant is seedless and vascular? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the funky looking clumps on the underside of ferns? |
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Definition
| They are the spores (remember ferns are seedless) and fern has to be in a moist environment for it to work |
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Term
| give some examples of seed-producing plants |
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Definition
flowers, palm trees, grass, pine trees, etc.
(everything besides mosses and ferns) |
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Term
| seeds- name three reasons they are good |
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Definition
1. Site of fertilization & early embryonic development
2. Highly protective of the developing embryo
3. No longer tied to watery environments for reproduction |
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Term
| name 4 types of gymnosperms |
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Definition
| ginkgos, gnetophytes, conifers, cycads |
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Term
| tell some properties of conifers |
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Definition
it's a pine tree!
there is a male and female cone (the male is yellow and smaller)
(the female is a pine cone like you think of normally) |
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Term
| how does conifer reproduction occur? |
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Definition
| the lady cone (megaspore mother cell) is pollinated by what is released by the male cone. once fertilized, it undergoes miotic division and turns into a mature sporophyte |
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Term
| what are the components of a mature seed? |
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Definition
| the endosperm (provides nutrition) is on the inside with the embryo, and then there is a seed coat |
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Term
| angiosperms- what are they and talk about their reproduction |
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Definition
flowering plants (and also produce fruit)
they have a stamen (like the male component, The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther)
and a pistil (like the female component, The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma.)
The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. |
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Term
| benefits of angiosperm reproduction |
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Definition
1. the flower increases pollination (animals want to eat the sugar in the flower)
2. fruit- increases seed dispersal ( they can get stuck to animals fur and travel with the animal, be eaten and then pooped out somewhere else, can be blown in the wind) |
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