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| As relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group |
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| The family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place |
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| A family unit composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household. |
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| Increase or decrease in number of dual parent families in the last 30 year |
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| From 1970-2000 there has been a significant DECLINE the percentage of U.S. households comprising of a married couple with their own children under 18. |
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| A legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity |
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| A marriage between two partners, usually a women and a man |
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| A system of tracing descent through the father’s side of the family |
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| A family structure which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother) |
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| The custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife’s parents |
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| The practice of marrying within one’s own group |
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o Talcott Parsons- the husband/father fulfills the instrumental role
o Meeting the family’s economic needs, making important decisions, and providing leadership |
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| Conflict explanations of family problems |
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o Families in capitalist economies are similar to workers in a factory:
o Women are dominated at home the same way workers are dominated in factories.
o Reproduction of children and care for family members reinforce subordination of women through unpaid labor.
o Others are concerned with the effect that class conflict has on the family
o Families are a source of conflict and reflect social problems of dominance and subordination |
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| A couple who live together without being legally married |
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o Household partnerships which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits as those accorded to married heterosexual couples
Popular for gay and lesbian couples |
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| The domestic work that employed women perform at home after they complete their workday on the job |
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| Consist of a husband and wife and children from previous marriages and children from the new marriage |
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| The process by which children and recent immigrants become acquainted with the dominant cultural belief, values, norms, and accumulated knowledge of a society |
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| Learning that takes place within an academic setting such as a school, which has planned instructional process and teachers who convey specific knowledge, skills, and thinking processes to students |
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| Providing free, public schooling for wide segments of the nation’s population |
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| Manifest functions of education |
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Open, stated, and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution, in education they are:o Socialization
o Transmission of culture
o Social control
o Social placement
o Change and innovation |
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| Social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture |
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| the practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups based on their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria. |
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| The transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, though implied demands found in the rules, routines, and regulations of schools. |
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| An unsubstantiated belief or prediction resulting in behavior that makes the originally false belief come true |
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| o The inability to read and/or write at the skill level necessary for carrying out everyday tasks. |
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| o Providing inclusion programs special ed curriculum is integrated with the regular education program and each child receives an individualized education plan that provides annual educational goals |
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| o Give parents the choice of what school their child will attend |
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| • a system of beliefs and practices based on some sacred or supernatural realm, that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a single moral community |
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| sociological view point of religion |
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Definition
• sociologists studying religion are committed to the pursuit of “disinterested scholarship”—do not seek to make value judgments about religious beliefs or determine whether particular bodies are “right” or “wrong”
• The sociology of religion focuses on religious groups and organizations, on the behavior of individuals within those groups, and on ways religion is intertwined with social institutions. |
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| the difference btw and sacred and profane |
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• Sacred refers to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural. (set apart as Holy)
• Profane refers to the everyday, secular aspects of life. (worldly) |
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| • regularly repeated and carefully prescribed forms of behaviors that symbolize a cherished value or belief. |
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| • the belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives positively or negatively. |
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| • the belief that plants, animals, and elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits that impact events in society. |
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| • The process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture |
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| The set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning |
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• One of the world’s oldest current religions which originated along the Banks of the Indus River in Pakistan(1500 BCE)
• Beliefs and practices have been preserved through an oral tradition and expressed in texts called VEDAS
• Union with ultimate reality and escape from eternal reincarnation are achieved through yoga, adherence to scripture, and devotion.
- no founder or sacred book |
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• Founder: Siddhartha Gautama- 500-600BCE
• Through meditation and adherence to the Eight-fold Path (correct thought and behavior) people can free themselves from desire and suffering, escape the cycle of eternal rebirth, and achieve nirvana)enlightment) |
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• Founder: K’ung Fu-Tzu (Confucius) 500 BCE
• The saying of Confucius (collected in the Analects) stress the role of virtue and order in relationships among individuals, their families, and society. |
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• Founder : Jesus first century CE
• Jesus is the Son of God. Through good moral and religious behavior (and/r God’s grace) people achieve eternal life with God.
• The Bible New Testament present a world view in which the old covenant between God and humans is obsolete in light of God’s offer of a new covenant to followers of Jesus. |
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| • A religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society |
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| • A large organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking the ability or intention to dominate society |
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| • A relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith |
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| a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. |
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| any activity intended to improve health. |
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| institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness |
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| • Study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population |
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| -demographic factors such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity |
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| are illnesses that are long term or lifelong and that develop gradually or are present from birth. |
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| that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death. |
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| two of the most common sources/causes of chronic disease and premature death are… |
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| A program for persons age 65 or older who are covered by social security are eligible and “buy into” the program by paying a monthly premium |
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| approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illness and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person—body and mind—rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur. |
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| healing practices inconsistent with dominant medical practice |
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| The process whereby nonmedical problems become defined and treated as illnesses or disorders |
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| The process whereby nonmedical problems become defined and treated as illnesses or disorders |
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| a condition that makes it difficult or impossible for a person to cope with everyday life. |
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| refers to rapidly discharging patients from mental hospitals into the community. |
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| A subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution. |
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o Many sociological studies use demographic analysis as a component of the research design because all aspects of social life are affected by demography.
o Population size, composition, and distribution are connected to poverty, radial and cultural diversity, shifts in the age structure of society, and concerns about environmental degradation |
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| o The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year |
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| o An estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year |
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| o The movement of people form one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency. |
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| The physical location of people throughout a geographic area |
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| the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency |
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| The biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household |
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| A graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age |
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| The point at which no population increase occurs from year to year |
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o The process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development
four stages |
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| o One or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs that dominate the economic and cultural life of a region |
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| o The distinctive social and psychological patterns of life typically found in the city |
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| o voluntary activity engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant-group norms and values. |
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| o A relatively large number people who are in one another’s immediate vicinity |
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| o A number of people who share an interest in a specific idea of issue but who are not in another’s immediate vicinity |
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| o people who happen to be in the same place at the same time |
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o people releasing emotions with others who experience similar emotions
o ex: worshippers at a religious service. Mourners lining the streets when a celebrity dies |
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o collectivities so intensely focused on a specific purpose that they may erupt into violent or destructive behavior.
o Mobs, riots, panics are examples |
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| o a form of crowd behavior that occurs when a large number of people react to a real or perceived threat with strong emotions and self destructive behavior. |
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| o attempts to explain how moods, attitudes, and behavior are communicated rapidly and why they are accepted by others |
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| o unsubstantiated reports on an issue or subject. |
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| o a temporary but widely copied activity enthusiastically followed by large numbers of people |
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| o information provided by individuals or groups that have a vested interest in furthering their own cause or damaging an opposing one. |
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| o seek to improve society by changing an aspect of the social structure. |
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| o seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior |
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