One reason that pathogenic micoorganisms have an advantage in the hst they infect is that they:

a. have previously been encountered through natural exposure

b.have previously been encountered through vaccination

c. strengthen the host's immune response

d. reproduce & evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them

e. reproduce the evolve more slowly than the most can eliminate

D. Reproduce & evolve more rapidly than the host

Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:

a.bacteria

b.Viruses

c.Fugi

d. Parasites

e. All of the above are examples of pathogen that cause human disease

Which of the following is not associated with mucosal surfaces?

a. mucus-secreting goblet cells

b. lysozyme

c. M cells

d. white pulp

e. beating cilia

Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?

a. inactivation of macrophages

b. increased vascular permeability & edema

c. vasodilation

d. pain

e. influx of leukocytes

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. lymphocytes: innate immune response

b. natural killer cells: kills virus-infected cells

c. macrophages: phagocyosis and killing of microorganisms

d. erythrocyte: oxygen transport

e. eosinophil:defense against parasites

A term generally used to describe all white blood cells is:

a. hematopoietic cells

b. myeloid progenitor

c. dendritic cells

d.monocytes

e. leukocytes

Examples of granulocytes include all of the following except:

a. neutrophils

b. monocytes

c. basophil

d.eosinophil

e. all of the above are examples of granulocytes

The most abundent type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is:

a. eosinophil

b. basophil

c. neutrophil

d. monocyte

e. lymphocyte

Which of the following statments is correct?

a. macrophages are granulocytes

b. macrophages are non-phagocytic

c. Macrophages reside in tissues

d. all of the above statments are false

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. monocyte progenitor: macrophages

b. erythroid progenitor: megakaryocyte

c. myeloid progenitor: neutrophils

d. lymphoid progenitor: natural killer cell

e. None of the above is mismatched

Which of the following pairs of association is mismatched?

a. large granular lymphocyte: T cell

b. megakarocyte: platlet

c. B cell: plasma cell

d. monocyte: macrophage

e. myeloid progenitor: neutrophil

a. large granular lymphocycte: T cell

Which of following statments is false?

a. during human development, hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical location

b. the hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to white blood cells but a different stem cell is the progenitor of red blood cells

c. Hematopoietic stem cells are self-renewing

d. platelets participate in clotting reaction to prevent blood loss

e. megakaryocytes do not cirulate and reside only in the bone marrow

Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?

a. efferent lymphatic vessel--> lymph node--> afferent lymphatic vessel

b. venule--> lymph node--> efferent lymphatic vessel

c. afferent lymphatic vessel--> lymph node--> efferent lymphatic vessel

e. afferent lymphatic vessel --> lymph node--> artery

Immune cells within the lymphatic circulation are directly deposited into which of the following anatomical sites so that the cels may reenter the bloodstream?

a. right aorta

b. left subclavian vein

c. left carotid artery

d. high endothelial venule

e. hepatic vein

Which of the following best desribes the movement of a T cell through a lymph node?

a. enters  via efferent lymphatics & exits via bloodstream

b. enters via afferent lymphatics and exists via bloodstream

c. enters via bloodstream and exits via afferent lymphatics

d. enters via bloodstream and exists via bloodstream

e. enters via bloodtream and exists via efferent lymphatics

which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into lymph node?

a. efferent lymphatics

b. artery

c. vein

d. afferent lymphatics

e. high endothelial venule

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. T-cell activation: cell divison& differentiation

b. effector B cell: plasma cell

c. plasma cell: antibody secretion

d. helper T cell: kills pathogen-infected cells

e. helper T cell: facilitates differenitiation of B cells

Vaccination is the best described as a prevention of severe disease by:

a. deliberate introduction of a virulent strain of an infectious agent

b. prior exposure to an infectious agent in an attenuated or weakened form

c. prophylactic treatment with antiboditics

d. stimulating effective innate immune responses

e. using effective public health isolation regimens such as quarantine

An example of tissue damage caused by exotoxin release is:

a. the bactererium Vibrio Cholerae and its associated the disease 'cholera'

b. the bacterium Yersinia Pestis and its associated disease 'plague'

c. the influenza virus and its associated disease 'influenza'

d. in all cases above, tissue damage is caused by exotoxin release

No matter by which pathway the complement system is activated, activation converges on the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b, with C3b becoming bound to the surface of the pathogen responible for activating the complment system

a. True

b.False

The membrane attack complex that results from activation of the complement system is composed of:

a. C1, C2, & C3

b. C3a and C3b

c. C5a and C5b

d. C5b, C6, C7

In the molecular description "CD14" the "CD" stands for:

a. "Cellular Differentiator"

b. "Cluster of Differentiation"

c. "Common Descriptor"

d. "Compact Disk"

Macrophages inflammatory cytokines include:

a. IL-12

b. IL-6

c. TNF-a

d. All 3 answers are examples of macrophages inflammatory cytokines

The statement that neutrophils are dedicated phagocytes refer to the fact that

a. neutrophils work really hard at ingesting & digesting foreign particles, but that task is only the beginning f the function they fulfill

b. neutrophils are dedicated to the phagocytosis of foreign particles, but digestion of those particles is a function of macrophages, not neutrophils

c. neutrophils have one function and one function only; to ingest and digest forgein particles

d. there is no correct answer within the 3 previous answers

c. neutrophils have one function and one function only: to ingest and digest foreign  particles

Addressins are:

a. carbohydrate- binding proteins (lectins)

b.cell surface mucins

c. characterized by a common a-chain & B-chain structure

d. members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (ig supper family)

Selectins are:

a. Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins)

b. cell surface mucins

c. characterized by a common a-chain plus b-chain structure

d. members of immunoglobulin super family

Intergins are:

a. carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins)

b. cell surface

c. characterized by a common a-chain & B-chain structure

d. membrane of the immunoglobulin superfamily

The ICAM family of molecules is an example of:

a. carbohydrate-binding protein )lectins

b. cell surface mucins

c. characterized by a common a-chain & b-chain structure

d. members of the immunogloubulin superfamily (iG)

A function the temperature increases (fever) caused by inflammatory cytokines is to:

a. activate complement components

b. decreased viral and bacterial replictaion

c. increase phagocytosis

d. all the answers above are correct

The acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen & the mannose-binding lectin) are produced in:

a. the bone marrow

b. the liver

c. the spleen

d. the thymus

Interferon B cam act on the cell that produced it(an autocrine response and on an adjacent cell(a paracrine response)

a. True

b. False

NK cell kill virus-infected cells becasue the viral infected cells because the viral infection cause the cell to prodecure and display a ligan for the activating receptor to the NK cell

a. TRue

b. False

Match the following:

A. Complement, macrophages, neutrophils

B. Antimicrobial peptides

c. NK cells

D. Activated Macrophages

extracellular: interstitial spaces, blood, lymph-A

extracellular: epithelial surfaces- B

Intracellular: cytoplasmic- C

intracellular:vesicular- D