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Capacity to do work , to cause change in system , convertible into another form that is useful for work |
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the capacity of doing work |
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conversion of the capability of motion |
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Items that can be employed for a useful purpose |
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Energy resource that consist of matter that stores energy in usable form Any material substance that can be consumed to supply heat or power |
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British Thermal Units BTU |
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Energy directly from the sun: Solar Energy Energy directly from Gravity/Tides: France and Italy Combines Solar and Gravitational Energy : Wind Mills/Turbines and Water Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll in plants uses light to produce sugar as an energy resource Chemical Reaction: some inorganic compounds burn to produce light and heat Fossil Fuels: oil and coal Nuclear Fission: nuclear power plants Earth Internal heat: hot water directly or to produce steam and drives turbines – Thermal |
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World total energy consumption |
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US is responsible for about 20% ( 1/5 )of the worlds energy consumption Avg of energy usage/consumption from 1990 to 2020 has increase and will keep |
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Worlds Primary Usage of energy |
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Petroleum – 35% Coal- 25% Natural Gas – 21% Biomass/Waste – 10% Nuclear -6% Renewable- 3% |
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Petroleum & Natural Gas Formation |
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Tiny plants and animals died and were buried on the ocean. Over time they were cover by layers of silt and sand Over millions of years the remains were buried deeper and deeper. The enormous heat and pressure turned into oil and gas. Today we drill trough layers of sand, slit and rock to reach the rock formations that contain oil and gas deposits |
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Top 20 Nations By Oil Reserves |
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Saudi Arabia – Highest Reserve 2. Iraq 3. Kuwait 4. Iran 5. United Arab Emirates |
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Oil Production and Consumption |
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The United States and European Nations use more than they produce |
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Chemical compounds of oil and gas |
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• Petroleum • Natural Gas • Coal • Nuclear- uranium fission |
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Renewable- Unconventional |
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• Oil shale • Natural Gas Hydrates in marine sediment |
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Solar Energy • Solar Photovoltaic’s • Solar Thermal Power Passive Solar Air and Water Heating Wind Hydropower Biomass Ocean energy Geothermal Waste to Energy |
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Where is the largest oil field? |
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Where is the largest natural gas reserve? |
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Dead Algae and Plankton Dead organism sinks and settle at bottom Long and complex process |
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Where was the first oil found in the US? |
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Spindletop – Texas - 1990 |
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Reflection seismic method |
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Use to find oil reservoir Vibrating trucks or explosives generate seismic waves that travel through the ground, reflect off internal interface Tell geometry of buried layers Very Expensive |
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Greenhouse gases Natural process • It’s being accelerated by human process Heat Trap that’s warming the earth Global Warming Graduate increase in global temperature caused by emission of gasses • Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFC and halocarbons |
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The OPEC MCs coordinate their oil production policies in order to help stabilise the oil market and to help oil producers achieve a reasonable rate of return on their investments. This policy is also designed to ensure that oil consumers continue to receive stable supplies of oil. |
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How many member countries? |
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Venezuela, Nigeria and Indonesia |
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What are the world’s water resource problems? |
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Availability of fresh water Distribution of the resources There is NO alternative to fresh water |
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Water shortage – people need more water than supply Main source of fresh water aquifers and replenish by rain Mexico city used more water from the aquifer than was replaced naturally by rainfall |
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3% is fresh water out of the 3% only 75% is surface water and out of 75% only 1% is available |
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