Term
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Definition
PaCO2 = aterial carbon dioxide tension
or
partial pressure of oxygen
Normal levels: 35-45 mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
PaCO2 normal levels:
35-45mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
HCO3 = bicarbonate
normal levels:
22-26 mEq/L |
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Term
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Definition
Isotonic Solutions:
- D5W: 5% dextrose in water
- Normal Saline: 0.9% NaCl
- Lactated Ringer: electrolyte content about the same as plasma |
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Term
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Definition
Hypotonic Solutions
- 1/3 saline: NaCl and free water = 0.33%NaCl
- 1/2 saline |
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Term
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Definition
Hypertonic Solutions:
- 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl
- D10W:10% dextrose in water: 340cal/L
- 5% dextrose in Normal Saline |
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Term
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Definition
D5W = 5% dextrose in water
ISOTONIC
- Supplies 170cal/L and contains 50g glucose
- not to be used in excessive volumes because it CONTAINS NO SODIUM thus dilutes sodium in serum and causes brain swelling (hyponatremic encephalopathy) |
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Term
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Definition
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl
HYPERTONIC
Replaces nutrients (dextrose) and electrolytes
can temporarily be used to treat hypovolemia if plasma expander is not available. |
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Term
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Definition
D10W = 10% dextrose in water
HYPERTONIC
Supplies 340cal/L
used for peripheral parenternal nutrition (PPN) |
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Term
| 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl |
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Definition
5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl
HYPERTONIC
- used to treat hypovolemia
- used to maintain fluid intake |
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Term
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Definition
1/2 Strength Saline Solution
(0.45% NaCl)
HYPOTONIC
- provides Na+, Cl- and free water
- often used to treat hypernatremia (an electrolyte imbalance defined by elevated sodium levels) |
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Term
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Definition
1/3 Strength Saline
HYPOTONIC
provides Na+ and Cl- and allows kidneys to select and retain needed amounts.
Free water aids kidneys in elimination of solutes |
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Term
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Definition
1/3 Strength Saline
HYPOTONIC
provides Na+ and Cl- and allows kidneys to select and retain needed amounts.
Free water aids kidneys in elimination of solutes |
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Term
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Definition
Lactated Ringer
ISOTONIC
electrolyte levels close to plasma (no Magnesium and Potassium)
treats:
- hypovelemia
- burns
- fluid loss through bile and diarrhea
- mild metabolic acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Saline = 0.9% NaCl
ISOTONIC
**not for routine maintenance because it only has Na+ and Cl- in accessive amounts**
Used to:
- temporarily expand extracellular compartment if circulatory insufficiency is a problem.
- treat diabetic ketoacidosis |
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