Term
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Definition
| When the eyes go back and forth left and right |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| when you cannot walk straight |
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Term
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Definition
| hair growth in places where you don't want hair growth |
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Term
| What is gingival hyperplasia |
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Definition
| when the gums grow start to grow over the teeth and they will have to be cut back. |
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Term
| What are the prototypes for Parkinsons Dx? |
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Definition
| levodopa-carbidopa, seligiline and amantadine |
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Term
| What transmitters are out of balance with PD? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| No, only treatment. It is a progressive disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| No, only treatment. It is a progressive disorder |
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Term
| What drugs are used to treat PD (don't name the prototypes) be more specific regarding neurotransmitters. |
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Definition
dopaminergics (increase dopamine reception)
anticholinergics (block ACh) |
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Term
What are some adverse effects from Levodopa?
(7 of them) |
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Definition
Nausea/vomiting
Dyskinesias
dysrhythmias
Postural hypotension
psychosis
Darken sweat and urine
neurotoxicity |
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Term
With Levodopa/Carbidopa what are some adverse drug interactions?
(4 of them) |
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Definition
Conventional Antipsychotic drugs-Block responses to levodopa, should be advoided. BUT Clozapine can be used safely.
MAO Inhibitors-If used concurrently can produce severe hypertension from vasoconstriction. Stop MAO Inhibitors at least 2 wks before starting Levodopa.
Anitcholingeric drugs-Can enhance therapeutic responses to levodopa but will also increase the risk of adverse psychiatric effects.
High-protein meals-They compete for adsorption. |
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Term
| What antipsychotic drug can you use safely with levodopa and that will not have any adverse effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should you give Levodopa? |
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Definition
| On an empty stomach so it will not compete for adsorption with food. |
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Term
| How does Levodopa cross the BBB? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why is Carbidopa combined with Levodopa? |
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Definition
| It has affinity to the PNS so you can give a lower dose of Levodopa which is needed for the CNS. |
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Term
What are the main adverse effects that Carbidopa reduces?
(2) |
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Definition
Reduces Nausea and vomiting
Reduces impact of B6 |
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Term
| Which kind of drug would you want to use first to treat PD? |
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Definition
|
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Term
What are the serious SE of Dopamine Agonists?
(3) |
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Definition
| Hallucinations, daytime sleepiness and postural hypotension. |
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Term
| Do dopamine agonists have less failures and less chance of a patient having dyskinesias than with Levodopa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug can Seligiline be combined with to reduce the "wearing off effect"? |
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Definition
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Term
True/False
Seligiline may not delay the progression of PD? |
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Definition
False
It may delay the dx progression |
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Term
True/False
Seligiline prevents the inactivation of DA? |
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Definition
True
It makes dopamine last longer |
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Term
| What kind of inhibitor is Seligiline? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happy accident was involved with Amantadine? |
|
Definition
That is is anti-viral
It helps patients not get as sick easily. IE. the flu |
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Term
| What are some side effects of Amantadine? |
|
Definition
| CNS-Confusion, anxiety, lightheadedness, skin discoloration |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases DA release from remaining cells. The drug may block dopamine reuptake |
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Term
| When giving Amantadine, when are you likely to see a response to the drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long would a response to amantadine last before a patient would not be able to benefit from it anymore? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is Parkinson's Disese (PD)? |
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Definition
| A neruodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor at rest, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia (slowed movements) |
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Term
| What drug is the most effective for treating PD? |
|
Definition
| Levodopa (combined with Carbidopa) |
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Term
| How do anticholinergic drugs relieve systoms of PD? |
|
Definition
| by blocking cholinergic recepotrs in the striatum |
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Term
| Generally, how do epilepsy drugs work? |
|
Definition
| By suppressing Na+ and Ca++ influx or potentiate GABA |
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Term
| Phneytoin is used for all seizures? |
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Definition
| No, it is used for most except absent |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the therapeutic range of Phenytoin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the absorption rate of Phenytoin? |
|
Definition
| Varied-Half life 8 to 60 hours so doses have to be individualized |
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Term
| What are some side effects of Phenytion? |
|
Definition
| nystagums, diplopia, ataxia, sedation hirsutism and cognitive impairments |
|
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Term
| What are some drug interactions of Phenytoin? |
|
Definition
birth control, warfarin, glucocortoids (reduced response)
alcohol,cimetadine, INH, diazepam result in higher phenytoin levels |
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Term
| Carbamazepine is used to treat absent seizures? True/False |
|
Definition
| False. Is used to treat most sz but absent sz |
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Term
| What is the half life of Carbamazepine? |
|
Definition
| Varied half life 40 hrs initially, later 15 hrs probably because people become acostuomed to it. |
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Term
| What are two happy accidents from Carbamazepine? |
|
Definition
Tx of Bi-polar disorder
Beneficial for neuralgias |
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Term
| With Carbamazepine what should we monitor in the blood? |
|
Definition
| Leukopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| Phenytoin impacts vit. K and D synthesis. True/Flase |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ in the body is Valproic acid hard on? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Side effects of Valprioc acid. |
|
Definition
GI: N and V, indigestion
Hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis |
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Term
| Ethosuximide is teh drug of choice for which sz? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Phenobarbital has a half life of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Side effects of Phenobarbital? |
|
Definition
| Drowsiness, phy. dependence, paradoxical excitement in kids |
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Term
| Why is there limited use of muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What drug is used to combat malignant hyperthermia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are muscle relaxants addicting? |
|
Definition
| Yes there is physical dependence |
|
|
Term
Local anesthetics have less risk than
__________? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of local anesthetics |
|
Definition
| CNS excitation, bradycardia, allergic response |
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Term
| Why are combinations of general anesthetics used? |
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Definition
| to decrease side effects because you less/small amounts of each drug together. |
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Term
| How are general anesthetics adminstered? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the four goals of anesthesia? |
|
Definition
amnesia
analgesia
muscle relaxation
unconsciousness |
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Term
| What are the Side effects of general anesthetics? |
|
Definition
| respiratory and CV Depression, malignant hyperthermia and GI aspiration |
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Term
| What drug reverses morphine toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Percodan and Percocet? |
|
Definition
Percodan is combined with aspirin
Percocet is combined with acetaminophen |
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Term
| COX 2 inhibitors do what? |
|
Definition
reduce inflammation
alleviate pain
fever reduction |
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Term
| Where is aspirin absrobed and what is the half life? |
|
Definition
in small intestine
2 hr half life |
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Term
| How is aspirin elimated from the body? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Supresses inflamation, analgesia, reduce fever, dysmenorrhea, supression of platelet aggregation, cancer and Alzheimer's prevention |
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Term
| What are some adverse effects of aspirin? |
|
Definition
Gastric irritation, heartburn, nausea
GI bleeding, ulceration, perforation and bleeding |
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Term
| Ibuprofen is also known as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ibuprofen is also known as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Celecoxib is COX 1 or COX 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| You cannot give Celecoxib to a patient if they are allergic to what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most common side effect of Celecoxib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetaminophen is hard on liver or kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| An overdose of acetaminophenc can cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetaminophen has an anti-inflammatory effect? True/False |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is acetaminophen is used for? |
|
Definition
| analgesic and anti-pyretic (fever reduction) |
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Term
| If someone becomes toxic with acetaminophen what drug do you give? |
|
Definition
| acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
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Term
| If someone becomes toxic with acetaminophen what drug do you give? |
|
Definition
| acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
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|
Term
| Hydrocodone is also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference with codeine in males and females? |
|
Definition
| Females absorb less of the drug |
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