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Definition
1. Protection: heart, lungs, brain, spinal cord
2. Support: forms endoskeleton
3. Movement: bones act as levers for your muscles
4. Storage of inorganic salts: hydroxyapaties; mineral deposits, calcium and phosphorus
5. Hematopoiesis: making blood |
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Length longer than width
Ex. bones in arms and legs |
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Length and width are the same
Ex. Carpals (wrists) |
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| Sternum, ribs, certain cranial bones, scapula |
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| Vertebra and certain facial bones |
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(Sutural)
tiny bone chips found along sutures |
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Epiphysis
-Proximal and Distal) |
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| few spaces; makes up diaphysis |
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Hollow cavity in the diaphysis of the bone
--filled with yellow marrow |
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| inner layer of cells; lines medullary cavity |
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| thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis |
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(Cancellous)
lots of holes and makes up epiphysis |
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1. Osteoblasts: builds up bone tissue
2. Osteocytes: mature bone cell
3. Osteoclasts: breaks down bone tissue |
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| Matrix or ground substance |
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Definition
| matrix is solid (lamella) calcium and phosphorus compounds |
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| connects periostem to medullary cavity |
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| Contains arteries, veins and nerves |
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| Connects central canal to osteocytes |
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| Structure of spongy (Cancellous) bone |
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holes found in epiphysis
-Red bone marrow
-makes blood cells |
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Definition
Length- can only grow at growth plate
(Epiphyseal Plate)
Width- Increase Size of Medullary Cavity
(increase compact bone
around it) |
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Definition
Made by pituitary gland
-targets epiphyseal plate |
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| Hypersecretion in childhood |
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| Hypersecretion in adulthood |
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Definition
thickening at ends
-hands, feet, jaw, forehead effected
-Acromegaly |
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| Hyposecretion in childhood |
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| Hyposecretion in childhood |
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Definition
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| Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in infancy |
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Definition
| cretinism- dwarf and mentally disabled |
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| estrogen and testosterone |
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Definition
affects puberty
-closing epiphyseal plate |
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Term
| Vitamins that aid in bone growth |
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Definition
Aids in absorption of calcium into blood stream
Vitamins: C,D,A,B12 (hematopoiesis: makes blood cells in bone marrow) |
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| Minerals that aid in bone growth |
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Definition
| calcium, phosphorus, magneisium |
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Term
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Definition
Steps:
1. Hematoma Formation: Formation of blood clot
2. Fibrocarilaginous Callus Formation: forms soft mass of repair tissue
3. Bony Callus Formation: forms hard mass of bone tissue
4. Bone Remodeling: Bone Remondeling |
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Definition
lack of vitamin D - bones become soft and fragile
Osteomalacia: Adults
Rickets: Children |
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| large projection (something sticking out) on the femur |
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| A prominence above condyle |
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| round projection above a neck of a bone |
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| hole in bone --- big or little |
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| tunnel -- worm like tunnel (Q-tip) |
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| tiny bone clusters along line in skull |
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| 80 bones -- head neck trunk and thoracic |
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| 1 bone -- doesn't touch any other bone |
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| 6 Bones -- smallest bones in body |
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| bony thorax (1 Sternum and 24 ribs) |
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| 126 Bones -- arms, legs, shoulders and hips |
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| Pectoral(shoulder) Girdle |
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Definition
Scapulae - 2 bones
Clavicle - 2 bones |
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Definition
Humerus - 2 bones
Radius - 2 bones
Ulna - 2 bones
Carpals - 8 bones per wrist, 16 total
Metacarpals - 5 bones per hand, 10 total
Phalanges - 14 bones per hand, 28 total |
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Femur - 2 bones
Tibia - 2 bones
Fibula - 2 bones
Patella - 2 bones
Tarsals - 7 bones per ankle, 14 total
Metatarsals - 5 bones per foot, 10 total
Phalanges - 14 bones |
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Term
| Location of Cranial Sutures |
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Definition
| immovable joints (found between cranial bones) |
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| Between frontal and parietal bones |
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| Between parietal and occipital bones |
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| (Squamous) between parietal and temporal |
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Definition: 1. soft spots on babies head 2. membrane filled spaces on an infants head where cranial bones haven't fused together yet.
Function: 1. allows brain to expand
2. allows head to compress during child birth 3. helps determine babies position before birth |
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forms forehead
-front floor of cranium
-has sinuses |
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2 bones
-forms superior and lateral walls of the skull |
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-butterfly shaped
-touches all cranial bones |
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-located in Spenoid Bone
-turkish saddle
-holds the pituitary gland |
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| optic nerve passes through |
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| The foramen for the ear -- Q-tip |
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Temporal to Zygomatic
--located on the temporal bones |
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"E" bone
meninges connect here |
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| Forms top of nasal septum |
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14 in all
Mandible and Vomer aren't paired |
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2 bones
-forms bridge of nose
-do not contain sinuses |
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Alveolar Margin
-near teeth |
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| form front 3/4 of hard palate |
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-Tear
Smallest facial bone |
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