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1) Please answer correctly, as it will be graded. The subject of this course is ____.
A) Environmental Science
B) Underwater Basket Weaving
C) Advanced Soil Physics
D) Chemical Thermodynamics |
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2) From GoPost. According to the discussion list the Washington State Department of Ecology states that every person in Washington State produces _____ of waste each day.
A) 0.6
B) 6.8
C) 30.9
D) 50.2 |
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3) From GoPost. According to the EPA, what percent of food waste currently is landfilled?
A) 20 percent
B) 52 percent
C) 98 percent
D) 99.5 percent |
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4) At what level Environmental planning should be applied in our society?
A) individual
B) family
C) community
D) every level of activity |
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5) About ____ of U.S. land is urban
A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 10%
D) 50% |
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6) Big predators are also referred as ____, are keys to ecosystems
A) umbrella species
B) alpha species
C) main species
D) equilibrium species |
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7) Reed Noss, one of the founders of the Wildland Project, says that rewildering is not an attempt to re-create Eden, but is "simply scientific realism", with the goal of ensuring ____ .
A) human happiness
B) long term integrity of the land community
C) preservation of ecosystems
D) spiritual connections |
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8) Modern humans first appeared in the ____ era. At that time, thousands of years before the rise of civilization, our ancestors had to use all of their human senses to survive.
A) pleistocene
B) cretaceous
C) paleogene
D) miocene |
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9) Which park was the first large public park created in the U.S?
A) Shelby farms park in Tennessee
B) Central Park in New York
C) Chugach State Park in Alaska
D) South Mountain Preserve, Arizona |
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10) Some issues of concern to many nations are addressed by a collection of policies, agreements, and treaties that are loosely called "____."
A) environmental protection guide
B) Earth pack
C) international environmental law
D) sustainable initiatives |
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11) Particulate air pollution in the U.S. cities contributes to 60,000 deaths annually, and ____ of total mortality in cities is associated with particulate air pollution.
A) 0.1-0.2%
B) 0.2-0.3%
C) 2-9%
D) 15-20% |
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12) Which of these concepts is an externality?
A) environmental commons
B) air pollution
C) whaling
D) environmental dollar value |
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13) According to our textbook, who should bear the burden of externalities?
A) Federal government or state government
B) Federal government or polluters
C) Polluters or we should all pay
D) state government or we should all pay |
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14) Bees pollinate an estimated $ ____ worth of U.S. crops.
A) 10 million
B) 20 million
C) 1 billion
D) 20 billion |
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15) Aesthetic valuation is very complicated to assess. One of the main causes of this difficulty is ____.
A) personal preference
B) tangibles are hard to valuate
C) aesthetics is actually very simple to valuate
D) none of the above reasons is a cause that makes aesthetic valuation complicated |
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16) What are the two judgments used to assess unreasonable risk?
A) culture and ethics
B) quality of life and risk of death
C) present costs and potential future benefits
D) psychological and ethical values |
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17) According to the economist Ralph D'Arge, why should developed nations pay the cost of global warming?
A) developing countries did not share in the economic benefits of burning fossil fuels during the Industrial Revolution, but they are sharing the disadvantages
B) developed countries have the moral obligation to do it
C) realistically developed countries are the only countries that can create substantial change in the economy, and therefore in global warming
D) actually Ralph D'Arge advocates that developed and developing countries should both pay the costs of global warming |
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18) In LaConchita, California, in 2005 a ____ occurred that killed 10 people
A) hurricane
B) landslide
C) tsunami
D) cyclone |
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19) A disaster is ____.
A) an event that occurs over an extended time and area with limited loss of life and property
B) an event that occurs over limited time and area with significant loss of life and property
C) an event that occurs over limited time and area with little loss of life and property
D) an event that occurs over an extended time and area with significant loss of life and property |
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20) A tsunami occurs when ___.
A) water is displaced vertically by an underwater geological movement
B) water is displaced vertically by strong hurricane winds
C) water is churned up by a tornado as it exits a land mass
D) water is heated by excess global warming |
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21) Another name for a hurricane type storm is ___.
A) tsunami
B) tornado
C) cyclone
D) eutrone |
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22) A drought is ___.
A) a period of months or years of unusually cold weather
B) a period of months or years of unusually wet weather
C) a period of months or years of unusually dry weather
D) a period of months or years of unusually hot weather |
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23) Hurricane Katrina had scale ____ winds.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 9 |
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24) About ____ % of New Orleans was under water at the height of the flooding from Hurricane Katrina.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 55.2
D) 80 |
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25) New York City's Zero Waste Campaign requires reduction to zero waste ____.
A) created within the city
B) transported out of the city
C) composted within the city
D) incinerated within the city |
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26) Municipal solid waste is ___.
A) solid waste from manure.
B) solid waste from urban areas
C) solid waste with toxic metals
D) solid waste with radioactive components |
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27) In industrial ecology, a goal is ____.
A) to turn waste into gold
B) to turn waste into a resource
C) to turn waste into disposable products
D) to turn waste into water |
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28) Composting ___.
A) turns food waste into rich, soil-like material
B) costs more to implement than it is worth
C) creates no smell
D) breaks down minerals in rocks |
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29) The acronym CERCLA represents:
A) Congressional Environmental Repair, Compensation and Liability Act
B) Comprehensive Environmental Remediation, Compensation and Liability Act
C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
D) Comprehensive Environmental Repair, Collaboration and Liability Act |
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30) Which element is the most prominent in the earth's crust?
A) Iron
B) Aluminum
C) Oxygen
D) Calcium |
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31) Formation of diamonds are through ___.
A) Sedimentary processes
B) Metamorphic processes
C) Glacial processes
D) Igneous processes |
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32) A ____ is a mineral concentrated in a form that we can extract to obtain something that can be bought or sold.
A) reserve
B) marginal reserve
C) mineral extrusion
D) resource |
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33) What are the most recycled metals?
A) Iron and steel
B) Aluminum and iron
C) Steel and aluminum
D) Aluminum and copper |
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34) A ____ is the portion of a resource whose location and amount are known and which can be legally and economically extracted at the time of evaluation.
A) Reserve
B) Subeconomic resource
C) Speculative resource
D) Hypothetical resource |
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35) ____ is released from volcanic eruptions.
A) Ozone
B) Hydrocarbons
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Nitrogen dioxide |
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36) Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Ozone
C) Nitrogen oxide
D) Hydrocarbon |
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37) What is an example of a fugitive source of pollution?
A) Smoke stack
B) Trucks
C) Urban areas
D) Surface mines |
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38) From an environmental viewpoint, which pollution control has an advantage over the rest?
A) Collect
B) Retain
C) Reduce
D) Capture |
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39) Acid rain results from ____.
A) fugitive sources
B) volcanoes
C) burning fossil fuels
D) carbon monoxide |
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40) Scrubbers are used to reduce ____ source pollution.
A) area
B) mobile
C) fugitive
D) point |
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2) From GoPost. According to the discussion list, it is estimated that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch contains about ________ million tons of garbage and is growing daily.
A) 0.6
B) 3.5
C) 30.9
D) 50.2 |
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3) From GoPost. According to the discussion list, the population of China is ____ people.
A) 525 million
B) 850 million
C) 1.2 billion
D) 1.5 billion |
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4) Land use in the United States is dominated by ____.
A) the transportation network
B) recreational areas
C) agriculture and forestry
D) parks |
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5) Leaders of the Wildlands project proposed that large areas of the United States be managed around the needs of ____.
A) humans
B) grazing animals such as elk
C) big predators
D) endangered species (animals and plants) |
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6) Our world is becoming increasingly urban, about ____ of the people in developed countries live in urban areas
A) 30%
B) 55%
C) 80%
D) 95% |
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7) Which of the following is not one of the three stages in the history of federal legislation pertaining to land and natural resources?
A) convert public lands to private uses
B) the beginning of protection for public lands
C) Congress enacting laws about the environment
D) the allocation of resources through the EPA |
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8) Environmental planning provides a framework for ____.
A) environmental management
B) sustainable life
C) urban planning
D) structured economic growth |
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9) Which of the following concepts is an example of "natural capital"?
A) pollination caused by bees
B) trees that control erosion
C) a stock of fish that provides a flow of new fish
D) all of the above concepts are examples of natural capital |
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10) "Public service function of nature" is a concept developed by ecologists. Economists refer to the same concept as ____.
A) environmental commons
B) environmental intangibles
C) natural capital
D) green value |
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11) The dollar value of nature's public service function has been roughly estimated to be between $____ to $____ per year
A) 1 billion, 11 billion
B) 2 billion, 22 billion
C) 3 trillion, 33 trillion
D) 11 trillion, 100 trillion |
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12) How much risk is accepted varies across societies. Which of the following is not a factor of risk acceptability?
A) number of people affected
B) activityÕs desirability
C) novel risks seem less acceptable than long established or natural risks
D) social level or social status |
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13) Which of the following concepts is not an environmental policy instrument?
A) moral suasion
B) direct controls
C) market processes
D) environmental resiliency |
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14) A natural hazard is ___.
A) any natural process that is a potential threat to animal life
B) any synthetic process that is a potential threat to human life and property
C) any natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property
D) any natural process that is a potential threat to all life on earth |
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15) A tropical storm is considered a hurricane when it's winds reach ____ km/hour.
A) 60
B) 120
C) 180
D) 234 |
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16) The following are natural hazards EXCEPT:
A) volcanic eruption
B) flooding from poor dam maintenance
C) flooding from a hurricane
D) tornado winds in Kansas |
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17) Over 80% of tsunamis are produced by:
A) floods
B) volcanos
C) landslides
D) earthquakes |
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Term
18) A category 5 hurricane can cause ____ times as much damage as a category 1 hurricane.
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 1 million |
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19) Had the ____ not broken, New Orleans may have not flooded since it was not hit directly by Hurricane Katrina.
A) levees
B) dams
C) bridges
D) lakes |
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20) By far, ____ makes up the highest percentage of the solid waste stream.
A) wood
B) glass
C) plastic
D) paper |
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Definition
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21) The acronym NIMBY stands for:
A) Not in Mexico's Back Yard
B) Not in Maine's Back Yard
C) Not in My Back Yard
D) Not in Maryland's Back Yard |
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22) The three R's of waste management include all BUT
A) Reduce
B) Reclaim
C) Reuse
D) Recycle |
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23) It is estimated that 80-90% of the waste stream can be reduced through ___.
A) Better store packaging
B) Incinerating
C) Recycling
D) Composting |
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24) Leachate is ___.
A) water that has moved through a substance and picked up some of that substance's characteristics
B) water that has moved through a substance and lowered its pH
C) water that has moved through a substance and raised its pH
D) water that has moved through a substance and crystallized at the entry |
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25) Which of the following is a potentially hazardous waste from plastic in landfills?
A) nitrogen dioxide
B) dihydrogen monoxide
C) organic chlorine compounds
D) organic nitrogen compounds |
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26) CERCLA is also known as the ___.
A) Superfund Act
B) Cleanup Act
C) Supercleanup Act
D) Citizens Environmental Recovery Act |
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27) At ____ plate boundaries, heated water rises through fractured rocks and leaches metals from them, forming metal sulfides.
A) divergent
B) subvergent
C) convergent
D) transform |
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28) The major iron ore deposits are found in ____.
A) sedimentary rocks
B) igneous rocks
C) metamorphic rocks
D) the earth's crust |
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Definition
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Term
29) Which of the following resource consumption types is the most sustainable?
A) Recycling
B) Rapid consumption
C) Conservation and recycling
D) Conservation |
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Term
30) What can concentrate insoluble ore deposits?
A) Mining
B) Weathering
C) Wind
D) Biological processes |
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Definition
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31) A measure of the time available for finding the solutions to depletion of nonrenewable reserves is the R:C ratio, R and C stand for ____ and ____.
A) Resources and consumption
B) Reserves and consumption
C) Resources and conservation
D) Reserves and conservation |
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32) What is an example of mineable sedimentary rocks?
A) Gold
B) Mercury
C) Limestone
D) Diamonds |
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Definition
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33) Most mineral deposits are:
A) Renewable
B) Non-renewable
C) Easy to find
D) Unlimited |
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Definition
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Term
34) What is the most significant environmental factor in the death rate in many cities?
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Restricted activity
C) Premature deaths
D) Availability of food |
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Definition
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Term
35) Primary air pollutants ____.
A) are emitted directly into the air
B) are normal atmospheric compounds
C) are only inorganic
D) are only organic |
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Definition
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Term
36) On average, which country has the greatest problem with pollution?
A) Mexico
B) China
C) USA
D) Japan |
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Definition
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Term
37) Natural rainwater is ___ because of carbon dioxide that dissolves in it.
A) slightly acidic
B) slightly basic
C) neutral
D) highly acidic |
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Definition
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Term
38) What is a good solution for reducing acid rain?
A) Use high-sulfur coal
B) Use low-sulfur coal
C) Fit plants with precipitators
D) Use nonpolluting diesel fuels |
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Definition
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39) The ozone shield naturally occurs in the ____.
A) Hydrosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Ozonosphere
D) Stratosphere |
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Definition
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40) What is the most common hazardous indoor air pollutant?
A) Fungal molds
B) Secondhand smoke
C) Legionella pneumophila
D) Pesticides |
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Definition
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Term
2) One task of environmental economics is to evaluate the dollar value of _______ environmental factors.
A) intangible
B) malthusian
C) direct
D) developmental |
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Definition
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Term
3) What is "storm surge"?
A) The rise in ocean water pushed ashore by a volcanic eruption.
B) The rise in ocean water pushed ashore by a hurricane.
C) It refers to a particular geographic area that has never experienced a hurricane.
D) It refers to a particular geographic area that is constantly under the threat of hurricanes. |
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4) Weathered insoluble ore deposits occurring at ground level is a(an) _______.
A) oxidized zone
B) iron oxide cap
C) primary zone
D) enriched zone |
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Term
5) Also known as "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle", what is the dominant approach for managing waste today?
A) Concentrate and Contain
B) Integrated Waste Management
C) Integrated Pest Management
D) Dilute and Disperse |
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Definition
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Term
6) What protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation?
A) The reflective property of the earth.
B) The ozone layer.
C) The troposphere.
D) The reflective property of the ocean. |
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Term
7) One proposal of the Wildlands project is to:
A) reintroduce gray wolves.
B) offer a tax incentive to ranchers.
C) remove towns and cities.
D) plant trees. |
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Term
8) As magma cools, ore deposits may form. ____________ minerals that crystallize (solidify) early may slowly sink or settle toward the bottom of the cooling magma, whereas _____________ minerals that crystallize later are left at the top.
A) Heavier, heavier
B) Heavier, lighter
C) Lighter, heavier
D) Lighter, lighter |
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Term
9) Using records of the location and frequency of past events, patterns in their occurrence, and observations of what happens before natural disasters occur, is the way in which scientists:
A) predict where hazardous events will occur in the future.
B) raise concern about climate change among the US population.
C) debate the importance of the scientific method in conducting research.
D) study anthropogenic effects on heat waves. |
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10) According to the "Water Scarcity" GoPost, which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding global water scarcity?
A) Human population growth is a major factor leading to water shortages.
B) Water scarcity is primarily a problem for underdeveloped countries.
C) More water is being extracted than the water cycle can replenish.
D) The United States has the highest water consumption per capita. |
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11) A benefit of incinerating garbage is that it ___________, but a problem is that it ________________.
A) breaks down proteins in garbage and creates rich soil, pollutes groundwater
B) decreases air pollution, could be recycled
C) reduces the volume of waste, creates air pollution
D) reuses valuable resources, releases chlorofluorocarbons |
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Definition
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12) A “garden-city”, a term coined by Ebenezer Howard, was a city surrounded by a _______.
A) network of rivers
B) greenbelt
C) community garden
D) suburban living space. |
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13) Generally speaking, the southeastern United States is more likely to be affected by which of the following natural hazards?
A) Volcanic hazards
B) Earthquakes
C) Landslides
D) Hurricanes |
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Term
14) Congress made Yosemite Valley a California state park in ________.
A) 1864
B) 1919
C) 1801
D) 1972 |
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Definition
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Term
15) The Zero-Waste movement's philosophy is that:
A) industrial countries' waste should be shipped to developing countries, where waste management provides jobs.
B) no waste should ever be disposed of on Earth, but should be shot into outer space toward the sun for natural incineration.
C) we can eliminate the concept of waste by transforming waste into resources.
D) incinerating all waste and using the resultant heat for homes, carbon dioxide for greenhouses and left-over ash for building roads will eliminate our need for landfills. |
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Definition
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16) Moral persuasion through publicity or social pressure, direct controls such as laws and regulations, market processes such as taxes that affect the price of goods, and government investments in research and education are all examples of what environmental economists call ___________
A) societal controls
B) policy instruments
C) propaganda
D) campaign strategies |
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Definition
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17) Natural hazards cause what we call “necessary periodic disturbances”; which of the following consequences cannot be considered a positive externality caused by natural hazards?
A) More fertile soils
B) Competitive exclusion principle
C) Water availability
D) Diversity of life |
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Definition
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Term
18) Which of the following is NOT a method of direct control of pollution?
A) setting maximum levels of pollution emission
B) requiring specific procedures and processes that reduce pollution
C) charging fees for pollution emission
D) government subsidized cleanup of pollution |
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Definition
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Term
19) Smog is a mixture of ______ and _______.
A) hydrocarbons and ozone
B) water vapor and dust
C) smoke and fog
D) soot and fog |
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Definition
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Term
20) Which of these statements about e-waste is true:
A) The United States is the only country to strictly enforce e-waste recycling regulations.
B) Workers, including entire families, who process e-waste are frequently exposed to dangerous heavy metals and toxins.
C) "Recycling" of e-waste is safe because the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the chemicals and heavy metals used to manufacture computers, cell-phones, and other electronic devices.
D) E-waste is typically recycled in the United States and has become a highly profitable domestic industry. |
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Definition
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Term
21) How can minerals be deposited deep in the crust today naturally?
A) Groundwater is heated, enriched with minerals from deeply buried rocks, cooled by cooler rocks, and the dissolved minerals are deposited by the cooled water.
B) Groundwater is cooled, coated with minerals from mining, heated by deep magma, and the dissolved minerals are deposited by the cooled water.
C) Groundwater is removed, enriched with minerals, cooled, and dissolved minerals are created.
D) Groundwater is heated, leached of its minerals, cooled by cooler rocks, and the dissolved minerals are deposited by the warmer water. |
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Definition
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Term
22) The proposed hydroelectric project at Storm King Mountain illustrates the advantages of __________ over litigation.
A) Congressional involvement
B) mediation
C) meditation
D) civil disobedience |
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Definition
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Term
23) The tragedy of the commons is that when people own things in ________, the tendency is to act in one's own ________ interest, which usually means sacrificing the ________ common good.
A) private, short-term, long-term
B) common, short-term, long-term
C) common, long-term, short-term
D) private, long-term, short-term |
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Definition
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Term
24) Hydrogen sulfide smells like ________.
A) bananas
B) tar
C) dirty socks
D) rotten eggs |
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Definition
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Term
25) Which of the following sentences does not describe natural hazards?
A) Natural hazards are both recognizable and predictable.
B) Risk from hazards cannot be estimated.
C) Harmful effects of hazards can be minimized.
D) Natural hazard events also have natural service functions for ecosystems and people. |
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Definition
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Term
26) Diamonds are pure __________.
A) calcium
B) iron
C) quartzite
D) carbon |
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Definition
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Term
27) Ozone is an example of a ________ pollutant.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary |
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Definition
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Term
28) ____________ designed Central Park in New York City.
A) Aldo Leopold
B) Frederick Law Olmsted
C) Ebenezer Howard
D) Rachel Carson |
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Definition
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Term
29) When discussing mineral resource use __________ would lead to a graph with a steep, narrow peak of resource use over time.
A) consumption and conservation with recycling and composting
B) rapid consumption
C) consumption with conservation
D) consumption and conservation with recycling |
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Definition
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Term
30) Concentrations of metals found in open crevices or fractures at the bottoms of pools, on the inside curves of bends, or where shallow water flows over rocks are called:
A) concretion deposits.
B) metallurgical deposits.
C) placer deposits.
D) igneous deposits. |
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Definition
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Term
31) What is the main reason why hazards that used to produce disasters now produce catastrophes?
A) The increase in the number of droughts per unit of time.
B) Because most of the hazards cannot be predicted.
C) Tectonic plates are moving faster than ever before causing massive earthquakes.
D) Increase in both human population and the size of cities. |
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Definition
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Term
32) The process of composting is:
A) turning organic material into a mulch that enriches the soil.
B) on-site grinding of food solids and flushing them into the sewer system.
C) incineration of hospital waste to prevent infectious and toxic materials from reaching landfills.
D) the first step in recycling, consisting of breaking down plastic or aluminum into small, meltable pellets. |
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Definition
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Term
33) According to the "Salmon Passages" GoPost, Salmon lay their eggs in __________ water, and spend most of their life in________.
A) fresh, the ocean
B) saline, lakes
C) estuary, rivers
D) salt, the deep ocean |
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Definition
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Term
34) The Montreal Protocol of 1987 is one example of successful __________.
A) international environmental law
B) protests
C) city planning
D) public park design |
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Definition
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Term
35) If a natural resource is destroyed during an industrial process, and the value of that natural resource is not reflected in the price of the product, then the value of that resource is considered to bea(n)__________
A) externality
B) lost wage
C) threshold
D) periodical |
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Definition
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Term
36) ___________is a location mistakenly thought to be the last place on Earth without any pollution from human activities.
A) The Amazon forest
B) Southern Texas
C) The north slope of Alaska
D) An island east of Hawaii |
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Definition
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Term
37) The number one material found in municipal solid waste is _________, something that could be recycled.
A) glass
B) biosolids
C) paper
D) yard trimmings |
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Definition
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Term
38) Define coal gasification.
A) To add carbon back into gaseous coal mines.
B) To add carbon gas into coal.
C) To convert high sulfur coal into a gas.
D) To convert sulfur gas into coal. |
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Definition
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Term
39) What is the "waste stream"?
A) Waste produced only from urban areas.
B) Waterways in which waste was historically dispersed.
C) Waste produced in our homes and businesses, agriculture, manufacturing and other sources.
D) Waste that could be recycled or composted. |
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Definition
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Term
40) Which natural hazard recently shut down air travel in Europe (at a cost of over $200 million USD per day)?
A) volcanic eruption
B) hurricane
C) tsunami
D) flood |
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Definition
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Term
2) Define photochemical smog.
A) Smog produced by chemicals in the presence of light.
B) Smog produced by photosynthesis.
C) Smog produced from old photographic processing fluids.
D) Smog produced from high albedo water surface. |
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Definition
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Term
3) The amount of time that waste remains in the biosphere is called:
A) land application
B) cradle-to-grave
C) surface impoundment
D) biopersistence |
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Definition
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Term
4) "In terms of direct effects on human health, it costs more to increase longevity by reducing air pollution than to directly reduce deaths by adding a coronary ambulance system." In terms of environmental economics, this statement is an example of:
A) negligence
B) direct control
C) an externality
D) risk-benefit analysis |
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Definition
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Term
5) The three R's is an acronym for _________.
A) reduce, reuse, recycle
B) reduce, reclaim, recycle
C) reduce, reuse, recreate
D) refund, reuse, recycle |
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Definition
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Term
6) Subeconomic resources are not considered _________ viable to be extracted.
A) economically
B) aesthetically
C) educationally
D) socially |
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Definition
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Term
7) The cost to clean up a lake continues to increase as more and more progress is made, this is an example of ______.
A) the law of diminishing returns
B) the law of two thirds
C) the law of exponentiality
D) the law of futility |
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Definition
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Term
8) Which of the following steps is NOT part of the system to estimate hazard risk?:
A) Determine the probability of an event.
B) Compensate stakeholders that were affected by the natural hazard event.
C) Estimate risk (scientific and/or mathematical theory, and previous history).
D) Estimate the cost of a disaster. |
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Definition
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Term
9) According to ecologist Garrett Hardin, "the tragedy of the commons" occurs when an individual's personal share of the profit from exploiting a resource is ________ their share of the resulting loss.
A) similar to
B) equal to
C) less than
D) greater than |
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Definition
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Term
10) Which of the following is an example of area source pollution?:
A) The fumes from a bus driving down the highway.
B) Smoke emitting from your home chimney.
C) A drainpipe dumping hot water from an industrial cooling system into a stream.
D) An agricultural area that uses pesticides heavily. |
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Definition
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Term
11) ________ and ________ account for the majority of the mass of recycled metals in the United States.
A) Steel, copper
B) Copper, iron
C) Magnesium, copper
D) Iron, steel |
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Definition
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Term
12) The earth's crust by mass is mostly made up of:
A) magnesium
B) chlorine
C) calcium
D) oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
13) At the water table level of an ore deposit, we are likely to find a(n) ___________ where deposits accumulate.
A) primary zone
B) enriched zone
C) leached zone
D) oxidized zone |
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Definition
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Term
14) Which of the following focuses on social issues concerning health risks from living near waste-disposal or other chemical facilities?:
A) environmental consciousness
B) environmental psychology
C) environmental anthropology
D) environmental justice |
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Definition
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Term
15) The burning of fossil fuels may cause _______ when released into the air.
A) acid rain
B) alkaline rain
C) heavy rain
D) a longer rainy season |
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Definition
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Term
16) Which legislation, passed in 1976, established the cradle-to-grave guidelines for manufacturers and disposers of hazardous waste?
A) The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
B) The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
C) The Superfund Regulation Act (SRA)
D) Hazardous Inhibitors and Pollution Protection Act (HIPPA) |
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Definition
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Term
17) _________ is one place where international environmental law protects the environment.
A) Johannesburg, South Africa
B) Antarctica
C) The North Pole
D) Tierra del Fuego |
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Definition
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Term
19) Applying biodegradable waste materials to near-surface soil in order to allow microorganisms to break them down is known as:
A) surface impounding
B) microbial farming
C) deep-well disposal
D) land application |
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Definition
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Term
20) The Tennessee Valley Authority, responsible for promoting economic growth and social well-being across states, was a successful experiment in ________.
A) regional environmental planning
B) litigation
C) prairie restoration
D) reintroduction of wildlife |
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Definition
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Term
22) Which of following reasons is considered the main reason why Hurricane Katrina caused enormous devastation in New Orleans in 2005?:
A) New Orleans’ political instability.
B) Lack of proper sewage system within the city.
C) The roads (highways and freeways) were too small for the city’s population; therefore, the transportation system did not allow for a quick process of evacuation.
D) The city has spread into low lying areas (relative to the sea level) making it vulnerable for flooding. |
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Definition
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Term
23) _________ is a situation in which action of one economic agent affects the production of another in a way that is not reflected in the market.
A) opportunity cost
B) internality
C) externality
D) factor-of-tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
24) Salmon lay their eggs in __________ water, and spend most of their life in________.
A) fresh, the ocean
B) saline, lakes
C) estuary, rivers
D) salt, the deep ocean |
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Definition
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Term
25) Who is widely considered to be the father of conservation in America?
A) Nathanial Hawthorne
B) Frederick Law Olmstead
C) Lewis and Clark
D) Henry David Thoreau |
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Definition
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Term
26) At divergent boundaries, metals are _________ while at convergent boundaries metals are _________.
A) subjected to cold and pressure then crack, sequestered in leached metal sulfides
B) formed into metal sulfides, mobilized in molten rock
C) mobilized in molten rocks, are formed into metal sulfides
D) sequestered in leached metal sulfides, subjected to cold and pressure then crack |
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Definition
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Term
27) In terms of environmental economics, honeybees pollinating crops for us is an example of _______.
A) a direct control
B) natural capital
C) positive labor
D) vivipary |
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Definition
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Term
28) What type of rock holds the major iron ore deposits?
A) marble
B) metamorphic
C) sedimentary
D) igneous |
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Definition
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Term
31) Increasing concern about deterioration of the environment led Congress to pass the _________ in 1969.
A) National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
B) The Clean Water Act
C) The Endangered Species Act (ESA)
D) The Healthy Forests Act |
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Definition
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Term
32) Natural resources are often exhausted because many resources are held______, and because of _________.
A) in common, high productivity
B) in common, low productivity
C) privately, low productivity
D) privately, high productivity |
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Definition
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Term
33) The philosophy of "dilute and disperse" can be defined as:
A) allowing waterways such as rivers to carry away garbage and pollution.
B) concentrating and containing garbage and pollutants in containers such as trenches or metal drums.
C) disposing of wastes in drums and dumping them into the deep ocean.
D) disposing of waste in deep wells, far below the water table. |
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Definition
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Term
35) According to U.S. history, which of the following natural hazards is the most disruptive in terms of number of deaths per year?:
A) Volcano
B) Landslide
C) Flood
D) Frost and freeze |
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Definition
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Term
36) Which of the following best defines a natural hazard?:
A) A natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property.
B) A disruptive event on the environment due to human activities.
C) Any form of anthropogenic pollution released into the atmosphere or aquatic effluents.
D) Any event that occurs over a limited time in a limited geographic area and causes significant loss of life and property. |
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Definition
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Term
38) About ______ of people in developed countries, and nearly _____ of all people on Earth, live in urban areas.
A) 50%, one-half
B) 25%, one-third
C) 75%, one-half
D) 50%, two-third |
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Definition
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Term
40) One of the most disruptive consequences of natural disasters is their impact on the economy. The cost of natural disasters in the United States is between:
A) $10 thousand and $50 thousand per year
B) $1 million and $5 million per year
C) $1 billion and $2 billion per year
D) $10 billion and $50 billion per year |
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Definition
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Term
3) Which of the following can be thought of as commons in the sense meant by Garrett Hardin's concept of "the tragedy of the commons"?
A) wildlife in a zoo
B) tuna fisheries in the open ocean
C) equipment owned by a mining company
D) cars in a parking garage |
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Definition
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Term
5) is an odorless, tasteless gas that was once thought to be healthful and was put into some food.
A) Radon
B) hydrogen
C) carbon
D) nitrogen |
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Definition
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Term
9) Modern municipal solid waste landfills are designed to monitor this substance, which is made of water and dissolved material moving through the landfill:
A) leachate
B) sludge
C) e-waste
D) biosolids |
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Definition
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Term
10) Wasted food ends up in landfills and decomposition contributes to .
A) eutrophication
B) greenhouse gases
C) birth defects
D) higher cancer rates |
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Definition
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Term
11) What does "P-2", which involves finding ways to stop generating waste instead of focusing on disposal methods, stand for?
A) Privacy Potential
B) Potential Pollution
C) Pollution Prevention
D) Pollution Potential |
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Definition
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Term
16) Which of the following is an example of an area source pollution?
A) The fumes from a bus driving down the highway.
B) Smoke emitting from your home chimney.
C) Phosphorus in the estuary from upstream.
D) An agricultural area that uses pesticides heavily. |
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Definition
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Term
17) Waste is classified as ____________ if its concentration, volume or infectious nature may contribute to disease or death.
A) leachate
B) e-waste
C) reactively unstable
D) hazardous |
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Definition
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Term
18) What is a "natural hazard"?
A) A natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property
B) A disruptive event caused only by the interaction between humans and the environment
C) Any kind of anthropogenic pollution released to the atmosphere or aquatic effluents
D) An event that occurs over a limited time in a limited geographic area and causes significant losses of life and property |
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Definition
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Term
21) A field that focuses on social issues concerning health risks from living near waste-disposal or other chemical facilities is called:
A) environmental sociology
B) environmental psychology
C) environmental anthropology
D) environmental justice |
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Definition
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Term
22) A(n) _________ is a factor that is treated as a side effect of one activity and has consequences for another activity but is not reflected in market prices.
A) opportunity cost
B) internality
C) externality
D) tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
30) Nature produces air pollutants than humans do.
A) cleaner
B) less deadly
C) less
D) more |
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Definition
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Term
37) In terms of environmental economics, which of the following is an example of an externality?
A) the cost of energy to power an industrial process
B) asthma caused by air pollution from an industrial process
C) the cost of shipping the products of an industrial process
D) the purchase price of a product created by an industrial process |
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Definition
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Term
2) How did you first hear about the course ESRM 100?
A) Through an add in the Daily or flier on campus
B) Through a UW counselor, advisor or professor
C) Through a friend or classmate
D) Other (please specify on your signature sheet) |
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Definition
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Term
5) Primary pollutants are .
A) emitted directly into the air.
B) the chemicals from old, warn out batteries.
C) the cause of soil erosion.
D) mixtures of organic and inorganic matter. |
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Definition
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Term
24) Natural processes become hazards, disasters, or catastrophes when:
A) people interact with them or live and work where they occur
B) at least 2 natural hazards happens at the same time and in the same geographic area
C) Natural processes never become hazardous, or catastrophic
D) We cannot predict when and where they are going to happen |
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Definition
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Term
33) A(n) _________ is land (or another resource)that is owned and used by the public.
A) commons
B) trust
C) tract
D) allée |
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Definition
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Term
40) A salmon lays its eggs in ______ water, but spend most of its life in ______.
A) fresh, the ocean
B) saline, lakes
C) estuary, rivers
D) salt, the deep ocean |
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Definition
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