Franz Joseph Haydn

• "Father of the Symphony"
• Wrote at least 104 symphonies.

Franz Joseph Haydn

• Affectionately known as "Papa Haydn"
• Kapplemeister for the Esterhazy family for over 30 years.

Franz Joseph Haydn

• Late in life was musically very successful in London
• Dear friend of Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Perhaps the greatest musical genius who ever lived
• Began as a child prodigy

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Wrote prolifically:
• 41 symphonies
• many operas
• string quartets
• concertos and piano sonatas

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Died at age 35 while attempting to complete his Requiem
• His musical manuscripts were flawless

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• First musician to make a career solely from composing, because after age 30 he became progressively deaf.
• Studied with Haydn

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Wrote 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos and much more, but only one opera, Fidelio.

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Changed the public perception of an artist from craftsman to inspired genius.

Exposition of Sonata Form

(Essential Parts)

• Theme 1 in tonic key, Bridge, Theme 2 in contrasting key, Closing Theme

Development of Sonata Form

(Essential Parts)

• Themes and motives broken up, recombined and modulated

Recapitulation of Sonata Form

(Essential Parts)

• Restatement of Exposition in tonic key, usually with some expansion

Slow Introduction of Sonata Form

(Optional Parts)

• Sets key and mood

Coda of Sonata Form

(Optional Part)

• (Tail)
• Completes the movement

Franz Joseph Haydn

Who composed

Symphony #94 - "Surprise" ?

Franz Joseph Haydn

Who composed

The Creation?

Franz Joseph Haydn

Who composed

The Lord Nelson Mass?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Who composed

Eine kleine Nachtmusik ?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Who composed

Symphony #40

in G minor ?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Who composed

THe Marriage of Figaro ?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Who composed

Don Giovanni ?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Who composed

The Magic Flute ?

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Who composed

Symphony #3

("Eroica ")?

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Who composed

Symphony #5  in C minor?

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Who composed

Symphony #9

("Choral ")?

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Who composed

Fidelio ?

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Who composed

Moonlight Sonata ?

Rococo

Opera Buffa

Italian comic opera

Trousers Role

a role where a woman is dressed in men's clothing. In Marriage of Figaro, Cherubino is this.

Theme

a musical idea that serves as a starting point for development of a composition or section of a composition

Motive (motif)

a short melodic or rhythmic theme that reappears frequently throughout a work or  section of a work as a unifying device

Staccato

"Detatched." Indicating a style of performance in which each note is played in a short, crisp manner.

Sonata

an instrumental work consisting of three or four contrasting movements

Theme and Variations

a form based on a single theme and its subsequent repetition, with each new statement varied in some way from the original.

Minuet

A slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time

Scherzo

literally, "joke." A sprightly, humorous instrumental piece, swift in tempo; developed by Beethoven to replace the minuet

Rondo

an extended alternating form often employed in the forth movement of classical symphonies; generally spirited and playful in character

Patronage System

a king or a duke hiring a musician to work for his court

String Quartet

a chamber ensemble consisting of a first and second violin, a viola, and a cello; also, the form which is a sonata for these instruments

Symphony

a sonata for orchestra

Concerto

a work for one or more solo instruments and orchestra

Cadenza

a section of music, usually in a concerto, played in an improvisatory style by a solo performer without orchestral accompaniment

Chamber Music

music written for a small group of instruments, with one player to a part

Orchestration

the arrangement of a musical composition for performance by an orchestra.

Conductor

a person who directs a musical ensemble and who is responsible for all aspects of the perfomance of the ensemble

Requiem Mass

a mass honoring the deceased, is usually sung on the day of burial, the following anniversaries, and on the third, seventh and 30th days following interment

Minuet and Trio

or

Scherzo and Trio

Form

ABA

Rondo Form

ABABA

or

ABACA

Theme and Variations

A, A', A'', A'''

Musical Characteristics of Classical Style

• Balance and Symmetry valued
• Homophonic texture
• Musical form clearly defined
• Orchestras of primarily strings, winds, horn, and timpani

Musical Characteristics of  Classical Style

• Conductors assume leadership of orchestras
• Piano gains prominence
• Short phrases
• Key relationships emphasized

Musical Characteristics of Classical Style

• Gradual changes in dynamics
• Use of staccato adds bouyancy