Term
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Definition
| 18 months: rouge test, 4-5 years: theory of mind, 10-12 years: metacognition/reflection |
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Term
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Definition
| If an animal can identify a red dot painted on them in a mirror, then that animal is conscious. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to understand that people have different thoughts and perceptions than you do. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Schacter)separate awareness systems in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| (Kinsbourne, Crick and Koch, Damasio) awareness emerges by making a connection between various perceptions, memories, and actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Farah) awareness of a stimulus emerges only once it has reached a high level of processing |
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Term
| Neural correlates of Consciousness |
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Definition
| Localized systems, integration, and representation. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a person cannot remember a traumatic or disturbing memory/thought and it has been pushed into their subconscious because it is too hard to think about. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you accidentally say what you are thinking about in the middle of a speaking about something else. |
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Term
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Definition
| released by the pineal gland, it helps you feel tired and go to sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| The internal body clock that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes (when to sleep and wake) |
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Term
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Definition
| 8-13 cps (cycles per second), regular w/small amplitude, occurs when awake w/eyes open, and when you are not concentrating on anything specific; also when you are drowsy but awake |
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Term
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Definition
| 13-30 cps (fast), irregular w/very small amp. on EEG b/c waves overlap and cancel each other out, occurs when concentrating or excited |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-7 cps, somewhat irregular w/high amp., occurs in stages 1-2 of sleeping. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-3 cps (slow), irregular w/high amp., occurs in stages 3-4 of sleeping. |
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Term
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Definition
| short bursts of rapid brainwaves during stage 2 of sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when entering back into stage 1 of sleeping; this is when dreams usually occur. REM sleep deprivation interferes with memory and a person will experience more and longer REM periods the next time they sleep normally; the more stress we have on a given day, the longer our periods of REM sleep will be. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wakefulness (Alpha & Beta), Stage 1 (Alpha & Theta), S.2 (Theta w/sleep spindles and K-complexes), S.3 (10-50% Delta activity), S.4 (50% Delta), REM |
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Term
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Definition
90 minute cycles,
first cycle: awake, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2
second: REM, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2
third & fourth: REM, 2, 3, 2
fifth: REM, 2
sixth: REM, awake |
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Term
| Preservation and Protection theory |
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Definition
Hypothesis: Sleep preserves energy and protects people during a time when being awake isn't very useful and when it is dangerous to be moving about.
Evidence: cross-species sleep patterns |
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Term
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Definition
Hypothesis: Sleep restores a worn-out body and replenishes vital substances.
Evidence: exercise leads to faster sleep onset, running marathon increases slow-wave sleep and decreases REM sleep first 2 nights after marathon, and complete sleep deprivation n rats resulted in death within 3 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| REM helps strengthen newly formed connections, helping consolidate new memories. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Active-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming |
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Definition
| dreams are the result of random activity in the brain, which the brain tries to make sense of by creating a story. |
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Term
| Semantic organization in dreams (Freud) |
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Definition
Condensation: one dream object stands for several thoughts
Displacement: an object in your dream that does not seem important or is not being focused on
Representation: a thought is translated to visual images
Symbolism: a symbol replaces an action, person, or idea |
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Term
| Semantic Organization in dreams (Jung) |
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Definition
-Archetypical representations
Animus: masculine attributes and potentials
Anima: feminine " "
Shadow: a bad part of yourself that you may be ashamed of represented in another form |
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Term
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Definition
| all cavities represent women, and any complicated machinery represents the genitals. |
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Term
| Collectivist cultures and dreams |
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Definition
| dreams reflect community and predicting the future |
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Term
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Definition
-short naps can help if you don't get much sleep anyway
-full cycle naps help w/procedural learning
-naps involving waking during deep stages can interfere w/cognition
-for some people napping interferes with normal sleep patterns |
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Term
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Definition
-after 3-4 days, some people hallucinate and become irritable
-only small effect on ability to perform physical tasks or to make decisions
-hardest to do simple, repetitive tasks rather than challenging ones
-b/c of circadian rhythms, its hardest to stay awake bet. 2 & 6 am, and easiest to stay awake bet. 2 & 8 pm. |
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Term
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Definition
| when you stop breathing while you sleep, but only wake up enough to disturb your sleep cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sleep walking, which is associated with deep sleep, and only simple tasks like walking or dressing. |
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Term
| Nightmares and Night Terrors |
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Definition
-Nightmares are unpleasant dreams that occur during REM sleep.
-Night Terrors are frightening unexplained feeling of panic that person all of a sudden wakes up with (Stage 4)- people usually don't remember the incident and often do not come to full consciousness immediately when wakened. |
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