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| trans. "Works" - a large stage production where the singer/actors sing every line of the scirpt (libretto), usually in Italian |
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| trans. "Work" - the "Op." sign appears after many composition titles, indicating a Catalog number that identifies chronology of the piece in the composer's library |
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| trans. "Song" - an elaborate lyrical song for a man or woman solo singer with orchestral accompaniment; found in Operas, Oratorios, and Musical Theatre |
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| the music which utilizes the entire singing "cast" on stage; usually serserved for the end of "acts" of ends of Operas, Oratorios, and Musical Theater |
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| dialogue in an Opera or Oratorio that must be sung; however it is not as formal as an Aria or Chorus, and has no set rhythm, therefore no meter |
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| the first "Board of Directors"; developed rules which govern the techniques of performances for Opera (later Oratorio as well), funded the first productions |
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| the "script" of an Opera & Oratorio; usually taken from an existing literary work |
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| a large, independent composition that is combined with others to form a single larger work |
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| (either Solo or Grosso): a 3-movement composition for Instrumental Soloist/Soloists with Orchestral accompaniment; Secular, in that there are no singers |
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| sharp & abrupt contrasts between louds & softs; no gradual dynamic changes (crescendo/diminuendo) done in this period |
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| music that returns, like refrains in hymns & "popular" music |
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| all, or everybody; the entire orchestra and/or chorus |
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| exactly the same definition as in the Renaissance; simple imitation, using the same notenames, regardless of the octave (example: Soprano imitated by a Bass) |
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| the new "high tech" form of imitation made famous by J.S. Bach; "imitation" is 5 notes higher than the original melody (called a subject), or 4 notes lower; they're the same! |
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| a simple Lutheran hymn tune, usually by Martin Luther himself, sung in Soprano-Alto-Tenor-Bass choir settings. All 4 voice parts move at the same time, with the Melody Always in the Soprano part (Homophonic texture) |
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| the "grandparent" of the modern Piano(forte); a wooden arm with a guitar "pick" plucked the string when the key was depressed. It had "pedals" later on, but lacked dynamic control and volume of the modern piano |
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| this refers to the role played by the harpsichord & cello in Baropque orchestras; indicates the ability of the instruments to potentially keep playing without need for a "stop". This was a requirement set down by J.S. Bach; that music must not have "rests" |
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| a "lutheran" version of the Cathlic Motet; a 7/8/9 movement for chorus, orchestra, organ, or harpsichord, and vocal soloists; tells a story, a fable, a lesson |
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| a Sacred Opera; a composition for Soloists & Chorus (similar to "Principles & Casts") In an Opera, but Sacred in content. Its uses the Bible as the "Libretto", eliminates the Costumes, sets, "castrati" singing women's roles, & make-up. Messiah is the most Famous - G.F. Handel |
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| made famous by J.S. Bach; a 2-movement masterpiece for the pipe Organ, Bach's favorite instrument to play. Imitates Improvisation |
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| is virtuoso imitation based on "subjects" of the Toccata. |
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