Term
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Definition
| increases cardiac contractility & output by increasing the systolic pressure and pulse. Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors and Dopaminergic receptors, found in the mesenteric and renal vascular beds. cardiac stimulant, used to treat shock, & open heart surgery, renal failure, and against barbiturate intoxications. |
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Term
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Definition
| vasopressor- elevates cardiac blood pressure, symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Alpha 1 agonist activates alpha-adrenergic receptors of the arteries and veins, resulting in increased vascular tone & elevation in blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| vasopressor- increases cardiac output and systolic pressure, but may lower diastolic pressure, constricts, bronchial arterioles, management of simple (open-angle) glaucoma, treats anaphylactic shock, inhibits histamine release, bronchospasms, acute asthma attacks, and inhibits uterine contractions. Catecholamine that acts Directly-On both alpha & beta receptors, most potent activator of alpha receptors. |
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Term
Phenylephrine
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Definition
| vasoconstrictor, decongestant, vasopressor, mydriatic- enlarge the pupils. Direct-acting sympathomimetic with a strong alpha-adrenergic cardiac stimulant action. Arteriolar Constriction- elevates systolic and diastolic pressure, increasing outflow, and decreasing rate of aqueous humor secretion from reducing intraocular pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antihypertensive, antiaginal, & antiarrhythmic. Selectively blocks beta1- adrenergic receptors located chiefly in cardiac muscle. Mechanism for action, includes central effects leading to decreased symptom outflow to periphery reduction in renin activity, and a competitive inhibition of catecholamine binding at beta1-adrenergic receptor sites. |
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Term
Carvedilol
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Definition
| Hypertension, Angina, Slows Progression of Heart Failure. Acts as a non-selective beta blocker, an alpha1-blocker, a calcium channel blocker, & possibly as an antioxidant. |
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Term
Propranolol
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Definition
| tachydysrhythmias, Angina, Hypertension, post-MI hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, essential tremor, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, Migraine Headache, etc. A prototypical non-selective Beta1 & Beta2-Blocking drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe Hypertension, & Hypertensive Emergencies. It can block Both Alpha1 & Beta-Adrenergic receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| bladder dysfunction, acute postoperative & postpartum non obstructive urinary retention (postoperative GI atony, gastric retention). It is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist. A synthetic parasympathomimetic, and Acts Directly on postsynaptic receptors. Actions are more prolonged than those of ACh. It also produces a Muscarinic Effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| treats mild to moderate Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, memory improvement in multiple sclerosis patients, & in post-stroke aphasia patients. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works centrally in the brain to increase levels of the acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps reduce or arrest patient's degenrative cognitive symptoms; moderate to severe vascular dementia; & nystagmus. It's NOT a Cholinergic Drug, but is being included because of the Alzheimer's Dementia discussion. The NMDA-antagonist receptors stimulation, is believed to be part of the Alzheimer's disease process. This drug blocks this stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reverse anticholinergic toxicity in the: Skeletal Muscle, GI tract, and within the Central Nervous System. This drug competes with Acetylcholines for its binding site on Acetylcholinesterase. |
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Term
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Definition
| management of cardiovascular disorders; Increased Heart Rate; ventricular asystole, sinus node dysfunction, advanced life support for sinus bradycardia, symptomatic 2-degree atrioventricular block, ophthalmic use, and a glycopyrrolate. A naturally occuring Antimuscarinic. More potent than Scopolamine in it cholinergic-blocking effects on the heart & in its effects on the smooth muscles of the bronchi & instestines, causes increased heart rate. |
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Term
Dicyclomine
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Definition
| Treats Functional Disturbances of the GI Motility: irritable bowl syndrome, colic & enterocolitis in infants. It's a synthetic antispasmodic cholinergic-blocking drug. Antispasmodic effects on the GI tract. |
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Term
Glycopyrrolate
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Definition
| preoperatively to reduce (inhibit) salvation & excessive secretions in the respiratory & GI tracts, decrease volumes of gastric & pancreatic secretions, saliva, & perspiration. It's a synthetic antimuscarinic drug that blocks receptor sites in the autonomic nervous system, that controls the production of secretions & the concentration of free acids in the stomach. |
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