<!--[endif]-->thoracic duct

 absorption of fat and other substances from the digestive tract via lacteals.

     <!--[endif]-->How does the lymphatic system function in the digestive process?

The lymphatic provides protection against pathogens by two major methods. Name these two methods: 

pathogen

An agent that causes disease, especally a living mircooranism such as a bacterium or fungus.

To filter lymph

     <!--[endif]-->What is the function of a lymph node?

right lymphatic duct

Lymph from the right upper extremity is drained by this structure

Jugular or subclavian veins.

Lymph is returned to the circulation.

What vessels are lymph empted into? 

When lymphnodes encounter a pathogen.

  <!--[endif]-->What does the presence of a germinal center in a lymphoid center indicate?

Lymphatic capillaries originate in tissue and have valves.

  <!--[endif]-->Lymphatic capillaries differ from vascular capillaries.  How do lymphatic capillaries differ?

It is used to determine where cancer will spread.

  <!--[endif]-->What is lymphatic mapping?

This lymphatic chain is especially important in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast:

Under the epithelium of respiratory and digestive tract.

  <!--[endif]-->Where would you find Payers patches?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

What is MALT?

Gut-associated lymphatic tissue: monitors air and digestive food looking for pathogens.

 What is GALT?

Protect against bacteria and other harmful material... forms defensive ring around oral cavity.

What is the function of the tonsils?

Lingual tonsils

These tonsils are found mixed into the submucosal layer of the tongue:

  Palatine & Pharyngeal 

Filters blood, removes pathogens, and removes worn out RBCs.

What is the function of the spleen?

1/5 of blood volume is in the spleen, can contract to release blood to raise BP.

Why the spleen is called the “organ of internal transfusion”?

High concentration of lymphocytes

  <!--[endif]-->What forms the white pulp of the spleen?

Splenic sinusoids 

  <!--[endif]-->What forms the red pulp of the spleen?

Splenic sinusoids 

Macrophages line these structures in the spleen:

indention where structures enter and leave an organ.

 <!--[endif]-->What is a hilum?

Capillary that slows lymph/blood down

  <!--[endif]-->What are sinusoids?

Spleen and lymph nodes

  <!--[endif]-->Two (2) lymphoid organs have sinusoids. Name them:

Enlargement of the spleen

  Define the term: splenomegaly

Removal of the spleen

 Define the term: splenecotomy 

Child is more prone to falls, accidents, and there is less bone muscle and fat to protect it.

  Rupture of the spleen is more likely to occur in a child that in an adult. Why?

Can be ruptured in traumatic abdominal injuries resulting in bleeding, shock and death.

  Rupture of the spleen can have very serious medical consequences. Why? 

Lymph nodes

 This lymphoid organ has a hilum, afferent vessels, efferent vessels, trabeculae, sinusoids and a subcapsular space:

Spleen

This lymphoid organ has a hilum, white pulp, red pulp, sinusoids, an afferent artery and an efferent vein: 

Produces several hormones called thymosins, which stimulate the production and development of T-cells in fetal development.

What is the function of the thymus?

Disappears as we age

  The thymus undergoes the process of involution. What does this mean?

No immunity

 What is the prognosis of a child born with congenital absence of the thymus?

Non-specific immunity

Inflammation is an example of this type of immunity:

Skin, tears, neutrophils

  Be able to list examples of physical barriers to invasion by pathogens:

When body encounters a reaction then b-lymph and t-lymph remember how to fight it

What is “Immunological Memory”?

B- lymphocytes

These specific cells mature into plasma cells:

Component of breast milk.

What is colostrum?

Gives newborn maternal antibody coverage from mothers breast milk.

 How does colostrum benefit the newborn?

Natural Immunity

 Having had measles as a child I am now immune to the virus that causes measles. What type of immunity is this?

Active acquired immunity

The veterans in your class were vaccinated against smallpox. They are now immune to small pox. What type of immunity is this?