Term
| distance between consecutive heel strikes on the same limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distance between consecutive heel strikes of different feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral distance between heel centers between consecutive foot contacts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most functional measure of an indviduals walking ability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stride length * stride frequency = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ground reaction forces have 2 vertical peaks, what are they |
|
Definition
| impact absorption, push off |
|
|
Term
| ground reaction forces have 2 vertical peaks, how much bodyweight is applied during these time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is 1 valley in vertical ground reaction forces, what % of body weight is seen in that valley |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial/lateral ground reaction forces are typically directed where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: movement of the hip from initial contact to opposite toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: movement of the knee from initial contact to opposite toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: movement of the ankle from initial contact to opposite toe off |
|
Definition
| plantar flexion until foot flat then dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| loading response: angle of the hip during initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: angle of the hip during opposite toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
| concentric hip extensors/hamstrings |
|
|
Term
| loading response: concentric hip extensors/hamstrings prevents what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: muscle activity allows for what to happen |
|
Definition
| extension of hip to accept weight |
|
|
Term
| loading response: movement of the knee from initial contact to opposite toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: angle of knee during initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: angle of knee during opposite toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loading response: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
| initial concentric knee flexors, eccentric knee extensors |
|
|
Term
| mid stance: movement of the hip between opposite toe off and Bodyweight over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: movement of the knee from opposite toe off to bw over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: movement of the ankle from opposite toe off to body weight over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: angle of the hip at body weight over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: angle of the knee at bw over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: angle of the ankle at bw over forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid stance: muscular activity at the hip |
|
Definition
| concentric hip extensors/hamstrings |
|
|
Term
| mid stance: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
| concentric knee extensors extend the limb |
|
|
Term
| mid stance: muscle activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
| eccentric plantar flexors control tibia advancing over foot |
|
|
Term
| when is the COM at peak height |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is equal to knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is less than knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is greater than knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: motion of the hip from body weight over forefoot to opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: motion of the knee from bodyweight over forefoot to opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
| extension until ~30-40% of gait cycle then flex |
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: motion of the ankle form body weight over forefoot to opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion until heel off then plantar flexion |
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: angle of the hip at opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does peak hip extension occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: angle of the knee at opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: angle of the ankle at opposite initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: what is the role of the eccentric hip flexors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: what is extension of the hip achieved by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
| minimal knee extensor/flexor activity |
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: muscle activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
| eccentric plantar flexors, concentric plantar flexors |
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: role of the eccentric dorsiflexors |
|
Definition
| control tibia advancing over foot |
|
|
Term
| terminal stance: what is the role of the concentric plantar flexors |
|
Definition
| push off, primary contributors to forward propulsion |
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: movement of teh hip from opposite initial contact to toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: movement of the knee from opposite initial contact to toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: movement of the ankle from opposite initial contact to toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: angle of the hip during ote off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: angle of the knee during toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: angle of teh ankle during toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does peak plantar flexion occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: role of teh concentric hip flexors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: role of the eccentric knee extensors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pre-swing: muscle activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
| concentric plantar flexors |
|
|
Term
| initial swing: motion of the hip from toe off to feet adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: motion of the knee from toe off to feed adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: motion of the ankle from toe off to feet adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: angle of the hip at feet adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: angle of the knee at feet adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does peak knee flexion occur |
|
Definition
| initial swing/feet adjacent |
|
|
Term
| initial swing: angle of the ankle at feet adjacent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: role of the concentric hip flexors |
|
Definition
| generate hip flexion torque |
|
|
Term
| initial swing: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
| minimal knee extensor/flexor activity |
|
|
Term
| what causes movement of the knee during the initial swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: muscle activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial swing: role of the concentric dorsiflexors |
|
Definition
| bring the ankle into neutral |
|
|
Term
| mid swing: motion of the hip from feet adjacent to tibia vertical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: motion of the knee from feet adjacent ot tibia vertical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: movement of the ankle from feet adjacent to tibia vertiacl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: angle of teh hip at tibia vertical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does peak hip extension occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: angle of the knee at tibia vertical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: angle of the ankl at tibia vertical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
| cocentric hip flexors, eccentric hip extensors |
|
|
Term
| when does concentric hip flexor activity conclude |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: role of the eccentric hip flexors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid swing: muscular activity of the knee |
|
Definition
| minimal knee extensor/flexor activity |
|
|
Term
| mid swing: muscle activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
| concentric/isometric dorsiflexors |
|
|
Term
| mid swing: role of the concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors |
|
Definition
| bring/hold the ankle in neutral |
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: movement of the hip from tibia vertical to initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: movement of the knee from tibia vertical to initial contact |
|
Definition
| extension until peak extension (97% of gait cycle) then flex |
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: movement of the ankle from tibia vertical to initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: muscle activity of the hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: role of the concentric hip extensors |
|
Definition
| begin hip extension, prepare limb for initial contact |
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: muscle activity of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: role of the eccentric knee flexors (3) |
|
Definition
| decelarate knee extension, prevent hyperextension, prepare for ground contact |
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: muscular activity of the ankle |
|
Definition
| concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors |
|
|
Term
| terminal swing: role of the concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors |
|
Definition
| hold the ankle in neutral, prepare for ground contact |
|
|
Term
| posterior pelvic tilt occurs when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does anterior pelvic tilt occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much does the pelvis rotate throughout the gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much is the hip flexed at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extension of teh hip during terminal stance is a result of what |
|
Definition
| body moving over the fixed foot |
|
|
Term
| peak extension of 10 degrees of te hip occurs just prior to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does hip flexion occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peak flexion slightly greater than 30 occurs during what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much is the knee flexed during intial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the knee flexing to 20 degrees during the loadign response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extension of the knee occurs in what 2 phases |
|
Definition
| mid stance, terminal stance |
|
|
Term
| flexion of the knee begins during which stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does flexion of teh knee begin during terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peak flexion of the knee of about 60 occurs when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joint torque created by muscle-tendon unit and other passive structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| positive power = generating energy which results in what |
|
Definition
| speeding up, concentric activity |
|
|
Term
| negative power = absorbing energy which means what |
|
Definition
| slowing down, eccentric activity |
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the hip during loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankle during loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the hip during mid stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during midstance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankl during midstance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the hip during terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during terminal stance |
|
Definition
| flexion and then extension |
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankle during terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of teh hip during initial swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during initial swing |
|
Definition
| very little, movement caused by inertia |
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankl during intial swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the hip during pre-swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during pre swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankle during pre swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of teh hip during mid swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during mid swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankle during mid swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the hip during terminal swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee during terminal swing |
|
Definition
| flexion and then extension |
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the ankle during terminal swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| position of the ankle at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is controlled _______ _______ during loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does dorsiflexion occur (2) |
|
Definition
| through single limb support, tibia moves over foot |
|
|
Term
| peak plantar flexion of 15-20 occurs when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of dorsiflexion during swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is strong hip extensor torque during what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is strong hip flexor torque during wht |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal hip extensor torque occurs during what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hip extensors doing during the loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of the hip extensors concentrically flexing during the loading response (2) |
|
Definition
| prevent jackknifing, extend the hip |
|
|
Term
| when are the hip extensors eccentrically flexing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of the eccentric hip extensors during terminal swing |
|
Definition
| decelerate the flexing hip tehn initiate extension |
|
|
Term
| what are the hip flexors doing during termianl stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of teh hip flexors being eccentric during terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hip flexors doing during pre swing and intial swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of the hip flexors being concentric during pre swing and initial swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal moment of the knee at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the knee extensors doing during loadnig reponse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the knee extensors eccentrically contracting during loading response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the knee extensors eccentrically contract during loading response to control knee flexion which does what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the knee extensors doing during mid stance |
|
Definition
| concentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the knee extensors concentrically contracting during mid stance (2) |
|
Definition
| extend the knee and support the weight of the body |
|
|
Term
| what are the knee extensors doing at terminal swing |
|
Definition
| concentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the knee extensors concentrically contracting at terminal swing |
|
Definition
| prepare for initial contact |
|
|
Term
| what are the knee flexors doing after initial contact |
|
Definition
| concentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the knee flexors concentrically contracting after initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the knee flexors doing during loading response |
|
Definition
| concentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| the knee flexors are concentric during the loading response to assist with what (2) |
|
Definition
| hip extension oand provide stability to the knee through coactivation |
|
|
Term
| what are the knee flexors doing through terminal stance |
|
Definition
| eccentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the eccentric knee flexors through terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most of the knee flexion during pre swing and swing phase is performed how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the knee flexors doing during terminal swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee flexors are eccentric during terminal swing for what purpose )2) |
|
Definition
| decelerate knee extension, prepare for heel contact |
|
|
Term
| dorsiflexor torque during loading response allows for what to occur |
|
Definition
| gently lower foot to ground |
|
|
Term
| plantar flexor torque peaks when |
|
Definition
| end of terminal stance/beginning of pre swing |
|
|
Term
| what are teh ankl dorsiflexors doing during heel contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong eccentric contraction of ankle dorsiflexors at heel contact allows for what |
|
Definition
| decelerate plantar flexion of ankle |
|
|
Term
| ankle dorsiflexors are doing what during swing phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concentric activation during swing phase of the ankl dorsiflexors allows for what (2) |
|
Definition
| clear the toes, prepare for initial contact |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the ankle plantar flexors being eccentric (2) |
|
Definition
| control forward movement of the tibia and fibula, stabilize ankle and knee joints |
|
|
Term
| there is a major concentric contraction of the ankle plantar flexors during what two motions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major concentric contraction of the ankle plantar fleoxrs results in what |
|
Definition
| forward propulsion/push-off |
|
|
Term
| angle of pelvis at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is pelvic obliquity at -5 (2) |
|
Definition
| midstance, peak knee flexion |
|
|
Term
| pelvic obliquity is at +5 after what (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip joint angle in frontal plane at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the hip joint at -5 degrees (adduction) (2) |
|
Definition
| midstance, peak knee flexion |
|
|
Term
| when is the hip joint abducted 5 |
|
Definition
| after toe off/initial swing |
|
|
Term
| positive trendelenburg sign is a result of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a positive trendelenburg sign results in excessive drop of the pelvis to what side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a way to compensate for the trendenelenburg sign |
|
Definition
| leaning of the trunk to side of weakness |
|
|
Term
| excessive elevation of iliac crest on the side of the swing limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip internal moment in the frontal plane during loading response and prior to terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hip abductors doing during loading reponse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the eccentric hip abductors uring loading response |
|
Definition
| control contralatera pelvic lowering/drop |
|
|
Term
| what are the hip abductors doing from midstance to the middle of midswing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the concentric hip abductors from midstance to the middle of midswing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hip ABductors doing during terminal swing |
|
Definition
| eccentrically contracting |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the eccentric hip abductors at terminal swing |
|
Definition
| preparation for heel contact |
|
|
Term
| hip adductors activity during loading resposne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of the concentric hip adductors during loading reponse |
|
Definition
| stabilize the hip through coactivation |
|
|
Term
| hip adductors action after toe off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of concentric hip adductors after toe off |
|
Definition
| likely to assist with initiating hip flexion |
|
|
Term
| knee internal moment throughout stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal momevent of teh subtalar joint at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is peak eversion of the subtalar joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subtalar joint everts from what to what |
|
Definition
| intial contact to start of terminal stance |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the subtalar joint from initial contact to start of terminal stance |
|
Definition
| aids in weight acceptance, providing a flexible and adaptable foot structure for contacting the ground |
|
|
Term
| action of the subtalar joint during terminal stance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of inversion of the subtalar joint during terminal stance to toe off |
|
Definition
| creates a more rigid foot structure which helps to propel the body forward |
|
|
Term
| inversion of the subtalar joint during terminal stance to toe nears what (degrees) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotation of the hip at initial contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from initial contact to opposite contact how does the hip roll |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peak internal rotation of the hip joint nears what (degrees) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotation of the hip joint from opposite contact to mid swing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peak external rotation of the hip is what (degrees) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the trunk rotates how to the pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
