Shared Flashcard Set

Details

test 2
human sexuality
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/17/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Polygamy

Definition
Simultaneous marriage to more than one person (marry multiple ppl at the same time)
Term

Cohabitation

Definition
POSSLQ
People of opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters
Introduced by the U.S. Bureau of the Census to refer to cohabitation
Living together as though married but without legal sanction
Term

Polygynous

Definition
Man is married to more than one woman at the same time
Term

 

Homogamy

 

Definition
The practice of marrying people who are similar to you
Racial and ethnic background, education, religion, age, social background and standing
Term

Erogenous zones

Definition
are parts of the body that are especially sensitive to tactile sexual stimulation
Term

Aphrodisiacs

Definition
drugs or other agents that are sexually arousing or that increase sexual desire.
Term

Pheromones

Definition
chemical substances secreted externally by certain animals, which convey information to or produce specfic responses in other members of the same species. lower nimals use pheromones to atimulate sexual response, organize food gathering, maintain pecking orders, sound alarms, and mark territories.
Term

Antiandrogens

Definition
a substance that decreases the level of andropgens in the bloodstream.
Term

Evolution of marriage

Definition
  • the ancient Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans lived in patriarchies in which men dominated most aspects of life.
  • the wife was considered the husbands property: a chattel whose responsibilities consisted of childrearing and homemaking.
  • marriages were usually arranged by men, sometimes for financial or political gain.
  • Greece
  • men would turn to high-class prostitues for sensual sex and sophisticated conversations.
  • Christian
  • male dominance was legitimized by biblical scripture. (wives submit to your husband, as unto the Lord. for the husband is the head of the wife, as Chrisist is the head of the church.
  • overtime women came to be viewed as loving companions rather than chattels.
Term

 

 

The impact of divorce on children

 

 

Definition
Divorce is hardest for children in the 1styear following the breakup
Boys earlier and girls later
Adjustment is easier when both parents maintain their parenting responsibilities
Term

Results from children raised by same-sex parents

Definition
  • there are few if any differences in the psychological adjustment of children reared by parents in heterosexual or in gay or lesbian relationships.
Term

male superior sex position

Definition
  • Man on top
    Missionary position
    Face-to-face allows for kissing and eye contact
    May be difficult to delay ejaculation
    May decrease the opportunity for partner to achieve orgasm
Term
Female-superior position
Definition
Women on top
Face-to-face allows for kissing and eye contact
May facilitate orgasm in women and delay ejaculation
Term
Lateral-entry (side-entry) position
Definition
Good for prolonged coitus and during pregnancy
Allows free movement and easy access to bodies
Awkward position
Penetration not deep
Term
Rear-entry position
Definition
“Doggy style”
One variation is useful during later stages of pregnancy
May be viewed as impersonal or too animalistic
Manual stimulation of genitals possible
Term
 
Fetishism
Definition
a paraphilia in which an inanimate object such as an article of clothing or items made of rubber, leather, or silk elicit sexual arousal.
Term
partialism
Definition
a paraphilia related to fetishism in which sexual arousal is exaggeratedly associated with a particular body park such as feet, breasts, or buttocks.
Term
transvestism
Definition

a person repeatedly cross-dressed to achieve seuxal arousal of gratification, or is troubled by presistent recurring urges to cross-dress

most are males

Term
exhibitionism
Definition
a paraphilia characterized by presistent, powerful urges and sexual fantasies involving exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting stranagers for the purpose of achieving sexual arousal or gratification.
Term
Telephone scatologia
Definition

a paraphilia characterized by the making of obscene telephone calls.

 

Sexual arousal results from shocking victims

 

Term
voyeurism
Definition
a p araphilia characterized  by strong, repetitive urges and related sexual fantasies of observing unsuspecting strangers who are naked, disrobing or engaged in sexual relations
Term
Sexual Masochism
Definition
a paraphilia characterized by the desire or need for pain or humiliation to enhance sexual arousal so that gratification may be attained.
Term
hypoxyphiilia
Definition
a practice in which a person seeks to enhance sexual arousal, usually during masturbation by becoming deprived of oxygen
Term
sexual sadists
Definition
pepole who become sexually aroused by inflicting pain or humiliation on other
Term
Frotteurism
Definition
Characterized by rubbing against or touching a unspecting/unconsentingperson
Often takes place in crowded places such as buses, subways, or elevators
The thought that the person cannot escape is arousing to them.
Term
Zoophilia
Definition
Characterized by urges and fantasies involving sexual contact with animals
Bestiality
Term
Necrophilia
Definition
Characterized by desire for sexual activity with corpses
Term
Klismaphilia
Definition
Sexual arousal is derived from the use of enemas
Term
Coprophilia
Definition
Sexual arousal is attained in connection with feces
Term
Urophilia
Definition
Sexual arousal is associated with urine
Called golden showers
Term

 

 

 

The factors that contribute to menarche

 

Definition
  • girls must reach a certain body weight to trigger pubertal changes
  • Early menstrual cycles are typically anovulatory (not releasing any eggs)
  • Happens in ages 11-13
Term

Richard von Kraft-Ebing’s theory

Definition
  • linked masturbation to sexual orientation.
  • male masaturbation or so it was mistakenly believed, arrested the development of normal erotic instincts and lead to erectile dysfunction with women.
  • it encouraged male-male sexual activity.
Term

 

Protective and contributive factors for divorce

 

Definition
Relaxation of legal restrictions on divorce
Increased economic independence of women
People have high expectations of marriage
Problems with communication and lack of understanding
Predictors: husband’s criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling
Term

Differences between sex toys, vibrators, and dildos

Definition

dildos: a penis shaped object used in sexual activity

vibrators: massage the genitals in a way that can be erotic

Term

benefits of coitus

 

Definition
ØSex is the fountain of youth!
ØSex is a stress reliever.
ØSex is a sleep aid.
ØSex is a hormone booster.
ØSex is great exercise.
ØSex is a pain reliever.
ØSex is an anti-depressant.
ØSex is a flu fighter.
Term

Masters and Johnsons model of sexual response consists of four phases

Definition
  • Excitement Phase
  • Erections in men
    Vaginal lubrication and genital swelling in women
    Muscle tension and increases in heart rate in both females and males
    Sex flush is a reddish rash that may appear on the chest or breasts late in the excitement phase
Term
Plateau Phase
Increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure
Orgasmic platform, which is the thickening of the walls of the outer third of the vagina, due to vasocongestion
Sex skin, which is the reddening of the labia minora
Rapid breathing and heart rate, blood pressure increases
Definition
Orgasmic Phase
Male orgasms consist of two stages of muscular contractions.  Orgasm happens in corpus cavernosa  
1st stage – contractions push seminal fluid into urethral bulb.
2nd stage – ejaculation
Meatus closes during ejaculation so that it won’t intermingle with semen.
Women orgasms manifest as 3 to 15 contractions of the pelvic muscles surrounding vaginal barrel
Spacing of contractions more variable in women than in men
Uterus and anal sphincter contract rhythmically
In both men and women, muscle spasms occur throughout the body and blood pressure and heart rate peak
Orgasm is a subjective experience
 
 
Term

 

Different cognitive behavior treatment therapy techniques for treating paraphillias (including medical)

Definition
  • Systematic desensitization
  • A method for terminating the connection between a stimulus and an inappropriate response
    Relaxation replaces sexual arousal
Term
Aversion therapy
 
A method for terminating undesirable sexual behavior in which the behavior is paired repeatedly with an aversive stimulus such as electric shock so that a conditioned aversion develops
Definition
Covert sensitization
 
A form of aversion therapy in which thoughts of engaging in undesirable behavior are paired repeatedly with imagined aversive stimuli
Used with pedophiles, a paraphilia involving sexual interest in children
Term
Social skills training
 
Behavior therapy methods for building social skills that rely on a therapist’s coaching and practice
Used to help individuals relate to the other gender
Definition
Orgasmic reconditioning
 
A method for strengthening the connection between sexual arousal and appropriate sexual stimuli by repeatedly pairing the desired stimuli with orgasm
Term

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs

 
Used to treat exhibitionism, voyeurism, and fetishism
May treat the obsessive-compulsive quality of paraphilias
SSRI is a common antidepressant medication
Definition
Anti-androgen drug
 
A chemical substance that reduces the sex drive by lowering the level of testosterone in the bloodstream
Depo-Provera is used in the treatment of sex offenders
Suppresses, but does not eliminate, sexual desire in men
Unlike surgical castration (removal of the testes), the effects of this treatment can be reversed
Term

Sex education (what makes it better, worse, most effective)

Definition
Most learn from peers and media
 
Most programs emphasize biological aspects
 
Few deal with “controversial” topics like sexual orientation, abortion, masturbation, etc.
Research shows that education does not encourage activity
Accurate information might prevent problems
96% of the country get some kind of formal education
Term
How do alcohol and illegal substances affect sexual behavior                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Definition
Alcohol
 
A small amount can be stimulating, but large amounts often curb sexual arousal & response
Reduces sexual inhibitions
Binge drinking associated with high risk sexual behavior
Can create feelings of euphoria
Term
Hallucinogens
 
No proven connection between such drugs and sexual arousal and response
Effects may depend on prior use, attitudes/expectations, and amount
 
Ex. marijuana, LSD.
Definition
Stimulants
 
Activate the central nervous system, but may not have specific sexual effects
Can elevate mood, which could increase sexual pleasure
Regular users may need the drug to become sexually aroused or may lose the ability to enjoy sex 
 
ex. amphetamines, meth, cocaine
 
 
Term

 

Puberty for  males

Definition
Testes increase output of testosterone-:
Promotes growth of male genitals and pubic hair
Body and facial hair develop
Voice deepens as the larynx grows and the vocal cords lengthen.
 
Erections become frequent and first ejaculation usually occurs by 13 or 14:
 
emissions usually begin a year later (wet dreams)
 
 
Term
puberty for females
Definition
Ovaries secrete estrogen:
Promotes growth of breast tissue, uterus, vagina, and fatty tissue
 
Adrenal glands produce small amounts of androgens:
Stimulate growth of pubic and underarm hair, and the development of the clitoris
  
Term

 

 

Sexual arousal in the different age groups

 

Definition
Sexual activity among older people influenced by
Physical structures and changes
Psychological well-being
Feelings of intimacy
Cultural expectations
Term

Sexual arousal in disable people

Definition
Multiple Sclerosis
Nervous system disease
Symptoms vary, so sexual enjoyment may continue
Cerebral Palsy
A muscular disorder that is caused by damage to the central nervous system (usually prior to or during birth) and characterized by spastic paralysis (lack of oxygen when born)
Does not usually impair sexual interest, capacity for orgasm, or fertility
People with cerebral palsy may be socialized into an asexual role, which counseling may help to change
Term
Female
Many changes result from a decline in estrogen production
Less vaginal lubrication occurs
Vaginal walls lose elasticity
Orgasms may not feel as physically intense
Definition
Male
Changes may result from a decline in testosterone levels
After age 50, men take progressively longer to achieve erection
Erections become less firm
Men may need longer time to reach orgasm
The refractory period tends to become longer with age
Orgasms may not feel as physically intense
Supporting users have an ad free experience!