Term
Architecutre (and Art) change in
Europe due to WWI |
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Definition
-large need for rebuilding
-major housing shortages
-large political nad social change
Picaso, Mandrian, Kandinsky
Cubism
Absrtaction
Fractionism
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Term
Walter Gropius
(1883-1969) |
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Definition
-father was profession architect
-studied architecture in school
-known for theoretical constructs that fuel ideas |
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Definition
Fagus Shoe Factory (1912)
Walter Gropius
-glass curtin walls
-corner = free of masiontry
-simple, rectangular massing
-flat roofs
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Definition
The Bauhaus (1926) Germany
Walter Gropius
-Design school
-no concrete massing on corners
-complete break from Bozart Education
-NO symetrical, axiality, technical education
-WAS sculptural peice, free flowing, abstract
-Craftsmanship and arts (fine arts)
-Has no set front or back
-Road running under building
-Nature of material and manufactuing process |
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What were Ideals of Bauhaus? (teachings) |
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Definition
-Asymetrical/Lack of ordimentaion
-Abstract, sculptural
-Collaboration between concentraions
-Geometric shapes and solids
-Walls of plate glass
-Nature of materials & manufacturing process
-Apearence of symplicity
-industrial, mass produced materials
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Gropius House (1938) Lincoln, MA
Walter Gropius
-now head of Arch. Dept. at Harvard
-Wanted to collaborate between majors
-Made him not well like at the school
-Left Europe to excape war & criticizing of Bauhaus
-Trying to make statement
-Doesnt fit landscape (people notice it) |
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Harvard Graduate Center (1948)
Walter Gropius
-Abstract & sculptural
-Free flowing
-no ordimentation
-collaboration between landscape, planning, arch. etc.
-Glass, concrete, steel
-New building type (not predictable) |
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JFK Building, Boston
Walter Gropius
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PanAm Building, NYC
Walter Gropius |
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Term
Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
(1886-1969)
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Definition
-Theorist and Architect
-Studied architecture (actual architect)
-Universal Architecture
-International style (Johnson, Barr)
-As apposed to Modern |
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Friedrichstrasse skyscraper (1922)
-Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
-not built (couldn't be) |
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Brick Villa (1923)
Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
-A key spacial ideal
-Abstract lines = makes a building
-Like Wrights floorplans
-Not Built
-Ideals from prarrie house (plus further abstraction) |
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Definition
Barcelona Pavillion (1929)
Louis Mies Van der Rohe
-For Worlds Fair (after WWI)
-Columbs & roof plated in chrome = almost dont appear
-Roof appears to "float"
-Seperation between structure and enclosure
-opaque/translusent depending on light & angle veiw
-Surfaces mirrored/opaque |
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Definition
Bacelona Chair
-Designed for this home |
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Tungenhat House (1930) Czech Republic
Mies Van Der Rohe
-crome plated columbs = roof apears to float
-rational & stratforward
-open, free flowing spaces
-horizontal emphisis (Wright)
-Abstraction |
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Term
Illinois Institute of Technology in 194o
Chicago
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Definition
-Want/demand for tall building
-unlike Boston who wanted only short |
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Definition
Crown Hall (1956)
Illinois Institute of Technology
Mies Van der Rohe
-Movable partitions
-Glass exterior walls (natural light) **his first glass box**
-"less is more"
-Make you look at the structure
-Abstraction and refernce to new classical qualities
-Steel → Concrete (fire proof) → Steel on top
-Grid Layout |
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Definition
Farnsworth Hall (1951) Plano, IL
Mies Van der Rohe
-Not a functional (entertaining only)
-open glass box
-Not about owner (no personal prefernece)
-Not like prarie house (no function)
-Grid Layout |
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Definition
Lakeshore Drive Apartments (1951) Chicago
Mies Van der Rohe
-Glass and steel
-shift to residential (first steel residential highrise)
-Conner Detail → wants people to notice little detail
-"God is in the details"
-Steel structure and roof seperated from interior
-Grid layout
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Seagram Building (1958) NYC
Weis Van der Rohe
-elegant and tall
-NYC did not have many highrises yet
-travertine plinth, between 2 symmetrical pools
-Lays out on gird
-Express steel on exterior (verticality)
-Not nessisary, for asthetic
-Like Guaranty building (*Sullivan) |
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Definition
-Light and Volume
-Started as an engraver → Painter → General Artist
-Geometric forms, that can be picked out of objects
-Still pure geometry
-Abstract in basic elements
-Started purism (his architecture)
-Geomery & proportion (what make building)
-Drew elevations and facade in same drawings
-Educated himself (explored and drew) |
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Definition
Istambul Skyline
Le Corbusier
-Space economy of line |
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Definition
Maison Dom-ino (1914)
Le Corbusier
-Idea for post WWI in Europe
-A machine for living
-Address housing need
-Basic plan/elements: floor, celing, stairs |
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Definition
Rational Architecture
Le Corbusier
-Based on demensions of human body
-Proporsional sytem with average man
-What made sence to him
-Not like Mies grid (mechanics and structural systems)
-Mies = intelectual way to think
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Maison La Roche (1923) Jeanneret
Le Corbusier
-Derailded from rebuilding for "normal: people and designed for the wealthy
- Starts exploration
-Paths of movement through space (new points of veiw)
-Stilts, raise building (cars under it)
-See materials in different ways
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Definition
Villa Stein (1923)
-Harmony, order, classical work
-Regulating geometrys
-Modularly proportional
-Ribbon windows, regulating volume
-Similar to Paladio (how proportial systems are similar) |
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Term
Le Corbusier's 5 Points
(told us to know) |
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Definition
1) Pilotis lift building above ground
2) Free plan - seperate structure from facade
3) Free Facade - only skin of exterior
4) Ribbon windows
5) Roof Gardens |
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Villa Savoye (1931) France
Le Corbusier
-Desinged as weekend getaway (entertaining)
-Cars under building = pathway
-Living spaces in new areas, raised above ground
-Prominade architecture
-An object in space
-Where is entrance?
-Don't know its a residence
-Produced by mechanical means (concrete and steel)
-Pilotis →building raised off ground
→Maximum vtility
→economic (object type = pure concrete columbs)
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Definition
Villa Savoye (1931) France
Le Corbusier
-Ramps = look at building while your in it
-How he wants you to see it
-Volumes, planar elemets, openings and windows
-Lighting = abstract |
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Le Corbusier's Paris plan
-Skyscrapers
-Lots of housing
-Pedestrians walk on top of traffic
-Layed out on a grid |
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L'Unite d'Habitation (1953) France
Le Corbusier
-his first/only skyscraper
-Still same ideals
-Sun break-ressesed windows (shade)
-Thought about how people lived (conciousness)
-Roof garden with concrete forms |
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Definition
Ronchamp (1954) France
Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut
Le Corbusier
-Religous Building
-No paloties (break)
-Free Facade
-Concrete structure
-None of his 5 points (travel changed him)
-Break from rationalism (his own new way)
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La Tourette (1957) Southern France
Le Corbusier
-Looks like Boston city hall
-Don't know what goes on in interior
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Chandigarh (1959) India
Parlament Building
Le Corbusier
-Where did roof come from?
-Like Christian Science Center
-Ideas not recognisable-very abstracted
-Deep loggias, roofscapes, water elements = Mogul tradtions
-Like Colinade Brunileski designed |
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Definition
Chandigarh (1959) India
Parlament Building
Le Corbusier
-Grid layout
-Concrete forms on roof
- Interior Columbs = minimum, only express what they do
-Geometric abstractions
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Definition
Palace of Justice (1956) India
Le Corbusier
-Don't know where entrance is
-Recessed Windows
-Plan is rational (think) - Actually less rational |
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Carpenter Center (1964) Harvard
Le Corbusier
-Only building in USA
-Walking patheay through building
-Listened to the community and their needs
-Expressive concrete (unfinished)
-concrete = own expressive element
-Deep recessed windows
-Ramps of different travel (different veiws) |
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Definition
Christian Science Center, Boston
I. M. Pei
-influenced by Corbusier
-Water, modularity, concrete, free form roof
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Definition
Boston City Hall, Boston
Kallmann McKinnell & Wood
-Influenced bu Corbusier
-Recessed windows
-Raised off ground
-Use of ramps/walkways both up to and surrounding
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