Term
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Definition
| Nonverbal communication conveyed by a person's position, posture, and movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| The modification of spoken words through tone of voice, rate of speech, body posture, gestures, eye contact, and facial expression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Looking directly into another person's eyes during the process of interpersonal communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Entering into the experience of another person by paying attention to their words as well as the meaning of their communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using verbal communication and body language similar to a clients' as a way to build rapport. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of communication consisting of spoken words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonword sounds that provide additional information about the message being communicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Culturally determined boundaries that dictate how physically close other people may get to the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sense of harmony and understanding between nurse and client. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical contact between two or more persons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any verbal or nonverbal force meant to harm or abuse another person |
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Term
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Definition
| False belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| The occurrence of a sight, sound, touch, smell, or taste without any external stimulus to the corresponding sensory organ; the experience is real to the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sensory misperception of environmental stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to resist an impulse or urge or to respond with reflection. |
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Term
| Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) |
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Definition
| A disorder in which episodes of aggression result in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state in which a person is unable to comprehend reality and has difficulty communicating and relating to others; often accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The deliberate destruction of body tissue without conscious intent of suicide; Injuring oneself physically by cutting, burning, pulling out hair, biting fingernails into the cuticle to deal with anxiety and stress. |
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Term
| Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) |
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Definition
| Nurses with a doctorate or master's degree who focus on health promotion, illness prevention, education, psychotherapy, consultation, and research. |
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Term
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Definition
| Therapy based on the principle that all behavior has specific consequences that lead to an increase or decrease of a particular behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's legal rights to political, economic, and social equality. |
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Term
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Definition
| those people who utilize mental health services, are children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, and they come from all segments of society. |
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Term
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
| The behavioral aspect helps people identify habitual reactions to troublesome situations. It also teaches people how to relax and calm their bodies. The cognitive aspect focuses on distorted thinking patterns that cause unpleasant feelings or symptoms of mental disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| The involvement of clients, family members, and professionals working together to improve quality of life and the highest level of functioning. |
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Term
| Complementary/Alternative Therapies |
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Definition
| The umbrella term for hundreds of therapies from all over the world that are not based on a biomedical model. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assisting people to resolve the immediate problem and regain emotional equilibrium. |
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Term
| Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) |
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Definition
| The surgical implant of electrodes in deep subcortical nuclei to provide intermittent stimulation. |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| The application of electricity through the temples, which artificially induces a grand mal seizure; used to treat depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| The family system is treated as a unit, with a focus on family dynamics and problem solving |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of genes that will have a therapeutic effect on cellular function |
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Term
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Definition
| Therapy in which group members and the group therapist help people manage their symptoms and cope more effectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| A therapeuticrelationship between a client and therapist with a goal of solving problems through identifying feelings, thoughts, and behaviors and the gaining of insight. |
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Term
| Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) |
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Definition
| Use of very-high-frequency rTMS to induce a controlled seizure in selected areas of the brain; it is a substitute for ECT. |
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Term
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Definition
| The entire social structure of the unit or residence that is designed to be part of the helping process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integration of nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. |
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Term
| Psychiatric Consultation Liaison Nursing (PCLN) |
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Definition
| Nursing discipline in which the focus of practice is with clients who are physically ill or disabled and their families; care is provided in nonpsychiatric care settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, extended-care facilities, clinics, and home settings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical interruption of brain tissue; considered a last-ditch option for people whose conditions have not responded to other treatments. |
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Term
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) |
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Definition
| Use of a magnetic field that passes through the skull, which causes cells in the cerebral cortex to fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching basic coping skills necessary to live as autonomously as possible in the community; skills include ADLS, vocational, leisure time, communication, and conflict management skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| A spiritual plan for recovery consisting of prescribed beliefs, values, and behaviors. |
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Term
| Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) |
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Definition
| Involves the surgical implant of a small generator to provide intermittent stimulation to the vagus nerve; for treatment resistant depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to sit or stand still, along with a feeling of anxiety. It is the result of extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular weakness or the partial loss of movement as the result of extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medication. |
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Term
| Anticholinergic Side Effect |
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Definition
| Side effects that occur when medication blocks the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in the inhibition of the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses. |
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Term
| Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome |
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Definition
| Characterized by fever, rash, and involvement of internal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flu-like symptoms, gastrointestinal problems, fatigue, headaches, and anxiety may occur when psychotropic drugs are stopped suddenly. |
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Term
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Definition
| An impairment of muscle tone of the head, neck, and tongue resulting from extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of medications in the context of culture and ethnicity. |
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Term
| Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSs) |
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Definition
| Side effects caused by antipsychotic medications, which include dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and tardive dyskinesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A side effect of second generation antipsychotic medications resulting in abdominal obesity, and elevated levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure. |
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Term
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) |
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Definition
| A potentially fatal side effect of antipsychotic drugs related to sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic drugs that results in stooped posture, shuffling gait, tremors, and stiff facial expression. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the body does to the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| The customization of medications based on knowledge from genomics. The identification of genes that affect individuals' responses to medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the body does to the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased sensitivity of skin and the eyes to sunlight. |
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Term
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Definition
| The power to produce the desired effects per milligram of medication |
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Term
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Definition
| A potentially fatal side effect of antidepressant drugs caused by excess serotonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction that attacks the skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and kidneys. It can be caused by sulfa drugs, penicillin, Dilantin, and Lamictal, especially when Lamictal is combined with Depakote. |
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Term
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Definition
| An irreversible form of extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medications that can be socially disfiguring, with spastic facial distortions and abnormal movements of the arms and legs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A DSM-IV diagnosis for the initial symptoms of severe stress; A numbing and emotionally nonresponsive reaction to an extreme trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phobic disorder characterized by fear of being away from home and of being alone in public places when assistance might be needed. |
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Term
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Definition
- A feeling of tension, distress, and discomfort produced by a perceived or threatened loss of inner control rather than from external danger
- Emotion in response to the fear of being hurt or losing something valued |
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Term
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Definition
| A preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A repetitive behavior or thought used to decrease the fear or guilt associated with an obsession; A preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A somatoform disorder characterized by sensorimotor symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A conscious attempt to manage stress and anxiety; may be physical, cognitive, or affective. |
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Term
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Definition
| An unconscious attempt to deny, misinterpret, or distort reality to alleviate anxiety. |
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Term
| Depersonalization Disoder |
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Definition
| Persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached from one's body or thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception of the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of memory in response to trauma; may be localized, selective, generalized, or continuous. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of anxiety disorders characterized by an alteration in conscious awareness of behavior, affect, thoughts, and memories, and an alteration in identity, particularly in the consistency of personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rare dissociative disorder in which people, while either maintaining their identity or adopting a new identity, wander to take unexpected trips. |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| A dissociative disorder characterized by the existence of two or more personalities in the same individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| The intentional simulation or production of physical or psychological symptoms in order to assume the sick role. |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| A chronic disorder characterized by persistent anxiety without phobias or panic attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquisition of and inability to discard worthless items. |
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Term
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Definition
| A somatoform disorder characterized by the belief of having a serious disease despite all medical evidence to the contrary. |
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Term
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Definition
| The intentional production of false physical or psychological symptoms for external incentives such as sick leave, financial compensation, or obtaining drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| An unwanted, recurrent persistent idea, thought, image, or impulse. |
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Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder in which the primary symptom is pain that cannot be explained organically. |
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Term
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Definition
| The highest level of anxiety, characterized by disorganized thinking, feelings of terror and helplessness, and nonpurposeful behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A progressive anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and unexpected panic attacks; may or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent disabling fear of an object or situation; when the object or situation cannot be avoided, to the person responds with panic. |
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Term
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder characterized by a constant anticipation of danger and a phobic avoidance of triggers that remind the person of the original trauma; other characteristics include irritability, aggression, and flashbacks. |
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Term
| Reactive Attachment Disorder |
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Definition
| A disorder in which children either avoid interaction with others or have few boundaries and quickly attach to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| An advantage from, or reward for, being ill that is outside conscious awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of social phobia in which the person is unable to speak in specific social situations, despite being able to speak in other situations. |
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Term
| Separation Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
| A disorder in which a child needs proximity to caregivers, worries excessively, and has physical symptoms; developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety about separation from home or from parents or other attachment figures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by the fear of situations in which an individual dreads humiliation or embarrassment when under the scrutiny of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A somatoform disorder characterized by multiple physical complaints involving several body systems, with no evidence of physiologic impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder characterized by physical symptoms that have no underlying organic basis; formerly referred to as psychosomatic disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| how the medication passes from dose from to available molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| how the medication is transported to various sites in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of the medication (usually by the liver) into useful forms |
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Term
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Definition
| how the medication is excreted from the body (usually kidneys) |
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Term
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Definition
| the strength of the medication. Low potency needs a higher dose to be effective; higher potency needs smaller dose to be effective. |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates receptor actions |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent or block cellular response |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of caring helpers? |
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Definition
- non-judgmental approach
- acceptance
- warmth
- empathy |
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Term
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Definition
- the manner in which concern for and interest in clients is expressed
- primarily expressed nonverbally, by a positive demeanor, a friendly tone, and engaging smile |
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Term
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Definition
| - the ability to see another's perception of the world and it is accepting how clients see themselves, what they are feeling and what they are striving to become. |
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Term
| What are the two steps of empathy? |
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Definition
| understanding and validating |
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Term
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Definition
| the careful consideration of the meaning of what clients are communicating and the feelings being expressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| To verbally communicate understanding so that clients are able to validate or correct your perceptions. |
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Term
| What should documentation include? |
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Definition
- areas of learning
- what has been taught to whom
- response to the teaching
- degree of success in meeting the outcome
- further areas of teaching required |
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Term
| What method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention relating to cognitive information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention relating to interpersonal skill achievement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention relating to psychomotor skill achievement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a possible reason for failing to move past the assessment phase for client education? |
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Definition
| teaching material was not meaningful to the client |
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Term
| What is a possible reason for failing to move past the diagnosis phase for client education? |
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Definition
| barriers to learning were not identified |
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Term
| What are possible reasons for failing to move past the planning phase for client education? |
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Definition
- areas of learning were stated in vague terms
- outcome criteria were vague and unmeasurable
- the focus remained on the past rather than on present problems |
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Term
| What are possible reasons for failing to move past the implementation phase for client education? |
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Definition
- communication skills were ineffective
- the nurse displayed a distant, uncaring attitude toward the client
- the family and significant others were not included
- the teaching methods and tools were not appropriate for the client |
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Term
| Why might goals not be met in the evaluation phase of client education? |
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Definition
| areas of learning were no longer appropriate for the client's circumstances |
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Term
| What is important to include in the education of a caregiver? |
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Definition
- mental illnesses are no-fault disorders
- manage responsibilities of care giving
- identify triggers to symptoms
- locate and utilize community resources
- find a balance
- establish healthy lifestyles
- identify adaptive and maladaptive responses
- communicate effectively with one another
- recognize early prodromal symptoms
- develop an action plan |
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Term
| What are the steps in problem identification? |
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Definition
1. Client definition
2. Significance of the problem
3. Past and future influence
4. Concrete problem definition |
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Term
| What are the steps in problem-solving process? |
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Definition
1. identify attempted solutions
2. list alternatives
3. predict consequences
4. choose the best alternative
5. implement the alternative
6. evaluate |
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Term
| What emotions affect learning? |
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Definition
| Anxiety, hopelessness, helplessness, depression, anger, denial of having a mental illness |
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Term
| How does anxiety affect learning? |
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Definition
- shortens attention span
- closes perceptual field
- decreases capacity to learn |
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Term
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Definition
| are open-ended questions or statements |
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Term
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Definition
| nothing something that is occurring at the present moment for clients |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal and nonverbal reinforcements that indicate active listening to and interest in what clients are saying |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of informing clients of care and concern |
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Term
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Definition
| lets clients know that the nurse comprehends their thoughts and feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| involves paying very close attention to the behavioral component of communication and connecting it to the affective and cognitive components |
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Term
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Definition
| gives clients an opportunity to validate or correct your understanding of what is being communicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps clients feel free to talk and examine issues in more depth |
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Term
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Definition
| useful when you are confused about clients' thoughts or feelings |
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Term
| Placing the even in time or sequence |
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Definition
| helps clients sort out what happened to them in what order |
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Term
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Definition
| allows clients to stay with specifics and analyze problems without jumping from topic to topic |
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Term
| Encouraging the formulation of a plan of action |
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Definition
| the process of helping clients decide how they plan to proceed |
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Term
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Definition
| an offer to help clients work through each step of the process and to brainstorm alternative solutions to their problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of newer and fewer words to paraphrase the basic content of client messages. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves understanding the affective component of communication and reflecting these feeling back to clients without repeating their exact words |
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Term
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Definition
| the systematic synthesis of important ideas discussed by clients during interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- indicate that the nurse cares little about the individual experiences of clients and is relying on folklore and proverbs to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- simply repeating back to clients the words they have used |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- occurs when you introduce topics that might be of interest to you but are not relevant to the client. |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- to not agree with clients' ideas and emotions denies them the right to think and feel as they do |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- forces them to defend themselves from what appears to be an attack by you |
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Term
| Requesting an Explanation |
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- similar to challenging and usually begins with Why |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- another way of telling clients how to feel and ignoring their distress |
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Term
| Belittling Expressed Feelings |
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- gives the message that you have not listened carefully, that you are ignoring the importance of their problems |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- occurs when you fail to respect clients' decisions regarding privacy of feelings and thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- occurs when you tell clients what to do, preventing them from exploring problems and using the problem-solving process to find solutions |
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Term
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- Demanding that clients share your biases and prejudices |
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Term
| Double/multiple Questions |
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Definition
- ineffective communication
- asking a series of questions with no opportunity to respond, clients may end up feeling bewildered or cross-examined. |
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Term
| What are the observable client behaviors for auditory hallucinations? |
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Definition
- moving eyes back and forth as if looking for someone
- listening intently to a person who is not speaking
- engaging in conversation with an invisible person
- grinning or laughing that seems inappropriate
- slowed verbal responses as if preoccupied |
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Term
| What are the observable client behaviors for visual hallucination? |
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Definition
- suddenly appearing startled, frightened, or terrified by another person or object or by no apparent stimulus
- suddenly running into another room |
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Term
| What are the observable behaviors for olfactory hallucinations? |
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Definition
- wrinkling nose as if smelling something horrible
- smelling parts of the body
- smelling the air while walking toward another person
- responding to an odor with terror |
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Term
| What are the observable behaviors for gustatory hallucinations? |
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Definition
- spitting out food or beverage
- refusing to eat, drink, or take medications |
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Term
| What are the observable behaviors for tactile hallucinations? |
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Definition
- slapping self as if putting out a fire
- trying to brush invisible things, like bugs, off the body
- jumping up and down on the floor as if avoiding pain or other stimuli to feet |
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Term
| What are the observable behaviors for kinesthetic hallucinations? |
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Definition
- verbalizing and/or obsessing about body processes
- refusing to complete a task that may require a part of the body the client believes is not working |
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Term
| Grandiosity (delusions of grandeur) |
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Definition
| an exaggerated sense of importance or self-worth |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when the person believes that feelings, impulses, thoughts, or actions are not one's own but are being imposed by some external force. |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs that a person, usually someone famous and of higher status, is in love with the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when people believe something abnormal and dangerous is happening to their bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| remarks or actions by someone else that in no way refer to the person but that are interpreted as related to her or him. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when people believe that others can hear their thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that others are able to remove thoughts from one's mind |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that others are able to put thoughts into one's mind. |
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Term
|
Definition
| involve false beliefs with religious or spiritual themes |
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Term
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Definition
| involve beliefs that someone is trying to harm the person |
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