Term
| the elevational treatment used in the entrance facade of grundtvig church is best described as_____. where did this form originate in denmark? |
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Definition
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Term
| what device is used in the stockholm city hall to link it with the adjacent lake? |
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Definition
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Term
| list two precedents for saarinen's final design of the main entry in the helsinkii railroad station: |
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Definition
olbrich-ludwig house
sullivan- world fair building |
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Term
| the kallio church was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the elevational treatment saarinen typically used in the towers of his finnish buildings |
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Definition
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Term
| the building typically credited with the start of the national romantic movement in scandinavia is |
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Definition
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Term
| the tampere cathedral was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| "the arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volume" best describes the compositional theory employed by |
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Definition
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Term
| the movement in scandanavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| list two reasons why saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings |
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Definition
landmark on horizon
composition=anchor |
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Term
| the style that evolved in finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to 'russify' Finland was |
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Definition
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Term
| saarinen's favorite interior color was |
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Definition
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Term
| the typical saarinen formal composition incorporated a _____ element to _______ |
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Definition
vertical
create an urban landmark |
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Term
| _______ is the name of residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen |
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Definition
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Term
| "Hvittrask" was the name given to the residential complex of |
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Definition
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Term
| what two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th/ early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures? |
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Definition
hydralic cement
reinforced concrete |
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Term
| list three reasons why larson considers reinforced ocncrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture |
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Definition
monolithic
fireproof
plastic can be formed |
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Term
| ernest ransome's concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what french pioneer in concrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| the first important french contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the franco-prussian war was |
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Definition
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Term
| the architect chosen by henry ford to design his factories in detroit was |
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Definition
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Term
| what economic advantage did the hennebique system enjoy in paris? |
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Definition
| concrete floors were thinner-->more money |
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Term
| what was the secret of roman cement that was rediscovered in the late 19th century? |
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Definition
| cement powder from pouzzoli was hydraulic |
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Term
| the french rationalist tradition, started by soufflout,and best represented by the work of perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles? |
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Definition
classical exterior
rational structure |
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Term
| what other theoretician, besides violet le duc, influenced the work of perret? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two theoreticians influenced the work of perret? |
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Definition
viollet le duc
auguste choisy |
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Term
| the architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in detroit was |
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Definition
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Term
| the first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the |
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Definition
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Term
| the swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three-hinged concrete bridges was |
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Definition
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Term
| portland cement was first invented in which country? |
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Definition
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Term
| the demise of terra cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of |
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Definition
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Term
| in which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron front he viewpoint of structural rationalists? |
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Definition
| fireproof- didn't have to hide architecture |
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Term
| which french engineer built an international concrete company after the franco-prussian war? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the name of tony garnier's socialist utopian city which employed housing and solar-power? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is generally regarded as the first american reinforced concrete building? |
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Definition
| william ward's concrete castle, book |
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Term
| the german architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of german manufactured goods as the 1851 world's fair was |
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Definition
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Term
| what past style did semper champion as being capable of further development? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the precedent for the brandenburg Gate? |
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Definition
| memorial to fredrick the great |
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Term
| the first theoretician to speculate about woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was |
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Definition
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Term
| the german artist usually credited as having coined the term "gesamtkunstwerk" is |
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Definition
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Term
| the wasmth volumes documented the early work of |
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Definition
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Term
| the german architectural writer who mythologized the english arts and crafts house as the turn of the century was |
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Definition
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Term
| gropius was responsible for what building at the 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition |
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Definition
| deutscher werkland model factory |
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Term
| name two leading designers that were placed in charge of a major german school of design prior to WWI |
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Definition
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Term
| the deutscher Werkbund chose ______ to design the model factory for its 1914 cologne exhibition. the final design was influenced by what wright building? |
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Definition
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Term
| AEG of germany hired_____to redesign its entire image, production, and buildings |
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Definition
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Term
| one of the three founders of the deutscher werkbund was |
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Definition
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Term
| das englische haus was written by |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the primary difference in intention between a kahn-designed factory and the behrens- designed age factory |
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Definition
behrens-applied art to design
Kahn- industrial only |
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Term
| the ______ was founded to encourage the improvement of machine production in germany |
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Definition
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Term
| behrens was greatly influenced by what philosopher? |
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Definition
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Term
| herman muthesius used what type of building as the model for geermany to emulate in order to improve its building design |
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Definition
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Term
| how can one view the design of the fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG turbine factory? |
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Definition
AEG- massive corner, pushes glass in
FAGUS- negative corner, pulls glass out |
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Term
| the fagus works was designed by _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| in what three shapes did cezanne say that nature reveals itself? |
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Definition
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Term
| the futurist manifesto was written by |
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Definition
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Term
| list two factors which occur prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting |
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Definition
tristan chord
birth of tragedy out of the spirit of music |
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Term
| the primary objective of cubist painting was |
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Definition
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Term
| what three shapes did cubists painters employ in their paintings? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the name given to a group of radical italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of WWI |
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Definition
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Term
| the futurist movement was centered in ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| what was one of the compositional goals of cubist paintings? |
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Definition
| portray variety of views on one picture plane |
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Term
| Concerning the Spiritual in Art was written by |
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Definition
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Term
| the first expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ designed the weimar governments new research tower for einstein |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ designed the second Goetheanum |
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Definition
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Term
| list three buildings at the werkbunds 1914 cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in german architecture prior to the start of WWI |
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Definition
| Deutscher Werkbund Model theater--dynamism Glass Pavillion--crystalism model factory--sachlich |
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Term
| what was the 'crystal chain'? |
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Definition
| taut's group of underground artists |
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Term
| did mies extrude the lot lines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals? why? |
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Definition
| no, he kept them pulled away from the street to create greenspace |
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Term
| the designer of the german glass industry pavilion at the 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition was |
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Definition
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Term
give an example of a different german expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials:
a. glass
b. brick
c. dynamism(concrete) |
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Definition
bruno taut
hans poelzig
Van de Velde |
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Term
| why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the german expressionists? |
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Definition
| architecture of glass was not entirely realized; represents a better time in the past |
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Term
| ____________ was the major building project that focused the energies of german expressionists immediately following the end of WWI |
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Definition
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Term
| the chilehaus in hamburg was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| the author of "glass architecture" was |
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Definition
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Term
| the cathedral of socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement? |
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Definition
| communist artists (crystal chain) |
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Term
| the grosses schauspielhaus in berlin was designedby |
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Definition
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Term
| the architect of the proposed Leningrad Pravada building in moscow was |
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Definition
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Term
| the architect of the rusakov worker's club was |
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Definition
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Term
| name two avant-garde mouvements which emerged in russia just prior to the russian revolution and the respective leader of each |
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Definition
malevich-suprematism
tatlin-constructivism |
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Term
| name the two avante guard architecture movements that emerged in russia during the leadership of lenin and an architect from each |
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Definition
rationalists-ladovsky
constructivists-ginzburg |
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Term
| the spiraling design for the proposed monument to the third international was conceived by |
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Definition
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Term
| constructivist architecture was primarily a product of this country: |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ was the design school in Communist Russia that preceded the Bauhaus |
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Definition
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Term
| name a russian suprematist painter: |
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Definition
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Term
| "prouns", ideograms with a utopian content, were conceived by |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a "corner counter-relief" |
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Definition
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Term
| what rationalist approach was manifested in Melnikov's design of the 1925 USSR pavilion? |
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Definition
| diagonals will make it look bigger conceptually |
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Term
| who was the first to make "architectons"? |
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Definition
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Term
| the leningrad Pravada building for moscow was a project designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| the competition devised by the Soviets as a response to the Chicago tribune building competition was: |
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Definition
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Term
| describe three details in the vesnin's palace of labor that identify as a constructivist building: |
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Definition
-shiplike
-rayonism
-exposed machinery |
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Term
| loo's major criticism of the deutscher werkbund was that it |
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Definition
| overdesigning to the point of clothing, furniture, etc. |
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Term
| did mies extrude the lot lines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals |
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Definition
| no, he wanted to create greenspace |
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Term
| ________ was the architect invited by gropius to give the keynote speech at the Bauhaus week of 1923? |
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Definition
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Term
| name two abstract painters who played a major role in the aesthetic change in the Bauhaus curriculum: |
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Definition
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Term
| what two avant-garde artists were credited by larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedogogy from expressionism to abstract formalism |
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Definition
| van doesburg; maholy nagy |
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Term
| van doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as continuous, but non-linear flow of space was |
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Definition
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Term
| towards a plastic architecture was written by |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the difference in how wright approached the design of his interiors and how van doesburg designed his interiors? |
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Definition
wright-volume
doesburg-planes |
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Term
| neo-plasticism is a term associated with what movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| the de stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by: |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by van doesburg: |
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Definition
| continuous- no touching horizontal and vertical planes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| the red-blue chair was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| the schroder house was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the changes made in the first year design at the bauhaus made when maholy nagy replaces itten as the teacher |
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Definition
| mechanical, precise, scientific |
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Term
| what was the major difference between mies' concrete and brick country house projects? |
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Definition
concrete-different masses and vantage points;voids w/ windows
country-no continuous corners, planes create space |
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Term
| the german term used by german designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was |
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Definition
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Term
| the objective of the vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was |
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Definition
| to gather foundation of knowledge about materials |
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Term
| the german term that describes the spirit of mies' concrete office building of 1923 was |
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Definition
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Term
| what architectural theoretician was responsible for thee shift in design theory away form expressionism at the weimar bauhaus |
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Definition
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Term
| the event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the bauhaus from expressionism to "the new architecture" was |
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Definition
| maholy nagy replacing itten |
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Term
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Definition
| group focused on structure/function, not ornament |
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Term
| describe mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923-1929: |
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Definition
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Term
| the karl liebknecht and rosa luxemburg monument was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| marcel breuer is best known for the design of the ______ chair while working at the bauhaus |
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Definition
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Term
| the "wassily" chair was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| the dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ was the leading theoretician of the de stijl movement |
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Definition
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Term
| the architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 weissenhof sidelong was |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ was the major building type that brought the international style to the forefront of german design in the 1920s |
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Definition
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Term
| the "barcelona chair" was designed by |
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Definition
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Term
| when walter gropius assembled his faculty for the bauhaus school, he drew many of them from which field of expertise? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ was the director of the trade/design school in weimar when its name was changed to the staatliches bauhaus |
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Definition
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Term
| the first building designed by corbusier that incorporates pilotis was |
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Definition
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Term
| the original purpose of the Dom-ino system was to |
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Definition
| reconstruct belgian homes from rubble |
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Term
| what was the elevational design advantage of the domino system? what was the first realization of this advantage? |
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Definition
wall is non-bearing
can use long windows |
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Term
| why did le corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses? |
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Definition
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Term
| list two influences on corbusier's interest in the two-story living space? |
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Definition
parisian restaurant
parisian art studios |
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Term
| "a machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of |
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Definition
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Term
| what three major architectural figures worked in peter behrens office? |
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Definition
le corbusier
mies van der rohe
gropius |
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Term
| list corbusier's five points of architecture |
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Definition
free plan
free facade
ribbon windows
pilotis
roof garden |
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Term
| le corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings |
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Definition
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Term
| le corbusier worked for what two major european figures in pre WWI europe which had a marked influenced on his career |
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Definition
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Term
| the golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied this period? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ was the term le corbusier and ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was a conscious rejection of much of what cubism represented |
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Definition
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Term
| towards an architecture was written by |
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Definition
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