Term
|
Definition
1. Carpenter employed by john sutter to construct sawmill on American river
2. discovered gold in millrace on Jan. 24, 1848.
3. raced back to sutters fort. Marshall & sutter desired discoverery to be in strict secrecy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Children spread news.
2. workers at sutters mill paid gold for goods
3. Dec 1848, 600 out of 800 fled to sierras search for gold in SF. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. came to CA with fellow mormons in 1846
2. opened general store at sutters fort, 1847
3. customers paid for supplies in gold, thus raising brannan's interest
4. personally spread story in San Francisco for personal success
5. stock piled supplies for miners and sold them for enormous profits during gold rush. |
|
|
Term
| Population effects in california |
|
Definition
1. San Francisco became largest city on west coast, Chinese immagration begins in large numbers.
2. non-Indian population of CA by dec. of 1849 was about 100,000.
3. in 1852, CA had over 200,000 non-Indians.
4. president James Pold declared all gold discovered in California was tax free to encourage settlement.
5. Many mexicans in central & southern California made $ selling beef cattle to minors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. ocean voyage,1, 5 months by steamship around cape horn. Longer by sailing vessels. 2, Expensive, dangerous.
B. detour through Panama. 1 3 months by steamship; longer by sailing ships. 2, Malaria, bandits, difficult.
C. Wagon trail (covered or Conestoga wagons). 1, 6 months from independence, MO. to sutters fort. 2, most popular route of travel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. panning for gold; earliest method involved using a crude tools to simply pick up surface deposits
B. Rocker, and Cradle; 3 man operation, shoveling, water rinse, other rocks the cradle. traces of gold sift to bottom.
C. Long toms; Sleuce using rushing water
D. Quicksilver; Mercury useed to amalgamate with golos
E. Hydralic mining; Top sail blasted away by force or water.
F. Dredging; less successful
G. Deep-shift mining; less used |
|
|
Term
| Dame Shirley; life in the mines |
|
Definition
A. Dame shirley's letters described mining cames as crude, uncultured. 1. women compromised on extremely small % of mining camps. 2, in that time, more aspects of cultured life entered CA.
B. Alcalde. 1, system of "one man rule" in mining camps as alternative to "vigilante justice." 2. elected by local population to settle disputes and dispense justice. 3. ofter abused.
C. Discrimination; 1. particularly against Foreign miners. 2. foreign miners tax law of 1850. a. ca. state legislature passed a tax law, but it was highly controversial. b. 20.00 monthly fee on all non- U.S citizen miners. c. foreign miners protested. not/financially successful. d, law was repealed in 1851. |
|
|
Term
| Political control to California statehood |
|
Definition
| 1, American control of California brought American governors, but 5 changed hands in lomos. 2, Alcalde system from Mexico California adopted by AM governors. |
|
|
Term
| Problems with California statehood |
|
Definition
| A. Slavery issue. 1, explosive issue in nation. B. Boundaries. 1, wanted boundaries to extend to salt lake city for control of congress because of people. C. women's concerns. 1, California first state to adopt in its constitution separation of property for married women. D. education. 1, considered federal funds for public ed forthcoming. E. Consitution drafted. 1, in 1849 & sent to U.S congress for admission to union as state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A. argument in Washington D.C. 1, CA. entrance into union would disrupt "balance" between free and slave states. 2, southern states saw CA. as political tool for north. 3, limits slavery expansion into west. B. Compromise of 1850. 1, masterpiece of Henry Clay. 2, Provisions; a, California enters union as free state. b, territories( Utah/ Nevada) obtained from Mexico open to possibility of slavery- two restrictions- popular sovereignty. c, lave- trading abolished in Washington D.C. d, fugitive state law. C.San Jose state capital, benecia, then to Sacramento. D. Political squabbles. 1, David Broderick- New York democrat. a. first "political boss" in San.Francisco. b. initially unsuccessful in bid for U.S senate, strained relations between CA. democrats. 1, "Know nothings"( Americans) party takes over briefly. a. patriotic, intensely, anti-foreign. b. anti-catholic. c. anti-Chinese. d. rose briefly to political prominence in mid-1850's, declines rapidly within 2 years. A. Becomes senator in 1857 butenters into serious political feud with rival CA. senator William Gwin. 1, democrates pulled apart. 2, Gwins group of pro- southern, pro-slavery democrats gained support of state sup. court chief justice David Terry. 3, feud developed after Broderick slandered Terry. d. In a duel, Broderick killed by terry. |
|
|
Term
| California during the civil war |
|
Definition
| 1. Ca. strongly supported the unions cause, a few southern sympathizers resided here, but state was in no danger of seceding. 2. Democratic disunity persisted during the war. a, republicans gained majority during the war and Leland Stanford was elected governor in 1861. 3. contributions to civil war. a, 16,000 CA. volunteer served as union soldiers. b, draft not enforced due to cost of transportation. 4. fort Tejon closed in 1864 as soldiers were sent to civil war battlefields in the east. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Dame Shirley. a, wife of m.d, cultured woman in gold rush era. b, letters first published in 1854. c, realistic, accurate, scientific, naturalistic, elements with letters. pepicted gold camps as crude. 2. mark twain (Samuel Clemons.) a, visited gold mining camps and heard legends. b, wrote the celebrated jumping frog cavalvaras county based on stories of gambling among miners. c, worked as a journalist for SF. newspapers.
3. Brett harte. a, poet, editor, author in 1860s who detested racial prejudice and injustice. b, famous short stories. 1, the luck of roaring camp. 2, the heathen chinee |
|
|
Term
| Famous legends & folklore to old california |
|
Definition
| 1. joaquin murietta legend. a. gold rush era mexican bandit who terrorizes gold camps. b. robin hood of el doredo? c. possibly captured by posse under harry love neer coalinga. d. john rollin ridge ( cherokee name "yellow bird") wrote the LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JOAQUIN MURIETTA CELEBRATED CALIFORNIA BANDIT. A HIGHLY ROMANTIZED ACCOUNT, BLURRING FACT WITH FICTIONS. 2. Juana maria. a, indian woman left alon on san nicholas for 18 years-discovered, taken to santa barbara- 1853. b, inspiration for scott o denis 1961 classic island of the blue dolphins. 3. Black bart, legend of. a, bandit who lobbed strongbox from wells fargo stage coaches in northern ca in 1870s. b, always wore a sack over his face, usually left a poem behind, never harmed a passenger. c, captured- elderly gentlemen named charles bolton. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. disputed land claims, intensified by mexican war. 2. land commission act of 1851- introduced by a senator. 3. avg. length of time to secure evidence of ownership-17 years( 1854 is where that goes back to, when the missions were secularized and rancheros bought the land. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. first reservation in Tejon, 1853, 25,000 acres. 2. Modoc Rebellion 1873. a, left reservaion and returned to native land. US army and Modocs fought, 75 killed. b, forced back to reservation. 3. slaughter of yani tribe. a, hunted by gold miners ( gruesome, hunted like animals.) b, last known survivor, ishi, discovered in 1911 and lived at anthropology muesum in san fran. 4. Indian decline( as seen from estimates of CA. indian pop). a, 1850- over 500,000. b, 1845- 150,000. c, 1870- 50,000. d, 1900- 16,000. |
|
|
Term
| Blacks in California in 1850s |
|
Definition
| 1. estimated number in 1850's- 2,500. 2. legal discrimination. a prohibited from testifying in court- overturned in 1863. b. blacks could not vote in CA. until US. gov ratified is the amendment in 1870s. 3. Biddy mason. a, most outstanding black woman in ca in 19th century. b, born into slavery, freed, became nurse and land investor, wealthy phianthropist |
|
|
Term
| Early California newspaper |
|
Definition
| 1. "californian." a, published in monterey, 1846, first in state. b, weekly publication. 2. California Star- san francisco paper began in 1847. 3 alta california- beginning in 1849, first daily paper. 4. mountain democrat- placerville, 1851, still in publication. |
|
|
