Term
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Definition
the ability to compensate for injuries to particular areas
-greatest at about 1-2 yrs of age |
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Term
| Taste Preferences for Babies |
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Definition
-is somewhat environmental
-prefer sweet and salty foods and eat too much of them
-parents serve as role model for which types of food a child will eat |
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Term
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Definition
Pros
-higher math ability
-success in athletics
-musical fields
CONS
-dyslexia
-stuttering
-high bl. press.
-psych. disorders |
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Term
| Consequences of diarrhea in children |
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Definition
-kills nearly two million children under the age of 5 each year
-due to unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation/hygiene |
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Term
| Typical age for children to be toilet trained. |
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Definition
| 5 years old unless they occur at least twice a month for 5 and 6 yr olds |
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Term
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Definition
-preoperational children do not understand that other people may have different perspectives on the world
-3 mountains test (constructed to their own view points instead of dolls) |
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Term
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Definition
| -requires the ability to focus on two aspects of a situation at once, such as height and width |
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Term
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Definition
-temporary support provided by a parent or teacher to learning children
-guidance until capable of carrying out on own |
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Term
| Outcomes of preschool programs for economically disadvantaged children? |
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Definition
| -Studies of Head Start and other enrichment programs show that environmental enrichment as well as parent education can enhance the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children. |
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Term
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Definition
-More likely to be affectionate toward their children and less likely to physically discipline than cold parents
-Children of warm parents are warm, accepting, more likely to develop internalized standards of conduct and a moral sense or conscience |
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Term
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Definition
| -parents are restrictive and demanding yet communicative and warm |
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Term
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Definition
| -demanding submission and obedience |
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Term
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Definition
| -parents are warm and not restrictive |
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Term
| Impact of Arrival of new baby on siblings |
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Definition
-Preschoolers may feel stress due to the birth of a sibling and the changes within the family.
-Older child may feel displaced and resentful due to the attention given to the new baby.
-Regression to baby-like behaviors, such as increased clinging, crying, and toilet accidents may occur.
-Some children may show increased independence by dressing themselves and helping to take care of the baby. |
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Term
| Are there gender differences in empathy? |
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Definition
| -Girls show more empathy than boys |
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Term
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Definition
-Genetic factors may be involved in aggressive behavior as well as criminal and antisocial behavior.
-Males more aggressive than females, possibly due to testosterone
-Aggressive children lack empathy and perspective taking.
-Reinforcement and observational learning may contribute to aggression. |
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Term
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Definition
Preschoolers’ aggression instrumental or possession oriented
Older preschoolers more likely to engage in resolving conflicts over toys by sharing rather than fighting
Aggressive behavior causes rejection
By age 6 or 7, aggression is hostile and person oriented
Boys more likely to show aggression
Aggressive 8-year-olds more aggressive than peers 22 years later; more likely to have criminal records, abuse their spouse, and drive while drunk |
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Term
| Why are certain disabilities (like ADHD, learning disabilities) not diagnosed until middle childhood? |
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Definition
Child shows excessive inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
The degree of hyperactivity is crucial
Typically occurs by age 7
Impairs ability to function at school
Sometimes overdiagnosed to encourage better behavior at school |
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Term
| What are some concerns about the diagnosis of ADD and ADHD? |
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Definition
-Sometimes it is over diagnosed
-some children who simply misbehave are diagnosed and encouraged to behave |
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