Term
| Two Groups used to classify bones. |
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Definition
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton |
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Term
| Forms the long axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. These bones are most involved in protecting, supporting, or carrying other body parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones) that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of cartilage is most plentiful in the adult body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two body structures contain flexible elastic cartilage? |
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Definition
| The epiglottis and external ear cartilages are flexible elastic cartilage. |
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Term
| Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| Interstitial growth is simply growth from within. |
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Term
| What are the five function of the skeletal system? |
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Definition
-Support
-Protection
-Movement
-Storage
-Hematopoiesis |
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Term
Draw and label a typical long bone’s gross anatomy. Include the following terms:
epiphysis, diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, spongy bone, compact bone,
medullary cavity, yellow, red marrow, endosteum, epiphyseal plate/line |
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Definition
| Chapter 6 Activity on MY A AND P |
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Term
| The osteogenic cells are mitotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum. Some of their progeny differentiate into _______ (bone-forming cells) while others persist as bone stem cells to provide _______ in the future. |
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Definition
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Term
| Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Every bone has a dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye. This layer is called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 4 stages of Bone Repair. |
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Definition
1. Hematoma Forms
2. Fibrocartilagionous callus forms
3. Bony Callus Forms
4. Bone Remodeling occurs |
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Term
| Soft Tissue damage; from force |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone removed from normal alignment |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca Salts not deposited, resulting in bone deformities and bowed legs; caused by Vitamin D or Ca difficiencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of bone mass due to bone resorption rates being higher than bone deposits; spongy bone of spine and neck of femur are most susceptible to fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of Skeletal Cartilages? |
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Definition
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibro |
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Term
| Function: flexibility, resilience, decrease friciton |
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Definition
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Term
| Location: joints, nasal, costal cartilages, larynx, trachea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Location: external ear, epiglottis |
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Definition
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Term
| Function: Compression and tensile strength |
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Definition
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Term
| Location: menisci, intervertebral discs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Skull, Spine, Ribs, and Sacrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Smooth, solid outer layer in all bones |
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Definition
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Term
| shaft, contains yellow marrow in medullary cavities |
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Definition
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Term
| bone ends, with epiphyseal plate and red marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| external tips of epiphysis |
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Definition
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Term
| inside medullary cavity and around trabeculae |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| central canal / haversian canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Small Blood vessels and Nerves |
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Term
| Long bone layers of Matrix |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Connection from periosteum |
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Definition
| Volkmanns/perforating canals |
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Ossification center appears
mesenchymal cells differentiate |
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Definition
| Step 1 of Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
What Step and ossification am I?
Bone is secreted and calcifies
Osteobalsts secrete osteoid |
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Definition
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Term
What step and ossification am I?
Woven bone and periosteum form trabeculae instead of lamella |
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Definition
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Lamellar bone replaces woven bone just deep to periosteum. Red Marrow Appears |
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Definition
| Step 4 of Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Bone collar forms around Hyaline Cartilage Model |
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Definition
| Enchondral Ossification Step 1 |
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Center Cartilage Calcifies and then develops Cavities |
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Definition
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Periosteal bud invades internal cavity, forming spongy bone. |
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Definition
| Endochondral Ossification Step 3 |
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms. Secondary Ossification center appears in epiphyses. |
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Definition
| Step 4 Endochondral Ossification |
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Term
What Step and Ossification am I?
Epiphyses ossify. Hyaline cartilage remains only in Epiphyseal plates and articular cartialges |
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Definition
| Step 5 of Endchondreal Ossification |
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Term
| Bones formed from my ossification are: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, and clavicles. |
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Definition
| Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is: |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
All bone surfaces in the body are covered by periosteum. |
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Definition
| False- Periosteum does not cover sesamoid bones or the articular surfaces of bones, and it does not extend around tendon and ligament insertions on bone. |
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Term
| During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in: |
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Definition
| fibrous connective tissue membranes. |
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Term
| Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The lacunae of bone contain: |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to: |
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Definition
| endochondral ossification. |
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Term
| begins within a connective tissue membrane. |
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Definition
| Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
| Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through: |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Spongy Bones contain true osteons. |
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Definition
False
Only compact bone contains osteons. |
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Term
| What characteristic of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness? |
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Definition
| It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it. |
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Term
| What characteristic describes interstitial growth of cartilage? |
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Definition
| Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage. |
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Term
| ___________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull. |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone-forming cells originate from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of: |
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Definition
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Term
| If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant? |
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Definition
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