Term
| The study of muscles is : |
|
Definition
| myology is the study of muscles |
|
|
Term
| The primary function of muscle is to transform _______ energy into ______ energy. So Muscles Can: generate force perform work, and produce movement. |
|
Definition
| Primary function of muscles is to transform chemical energy to mechanical energy to (3 things) |
|
|
Term
| How does muscular tissue contribute to homeostasis? (3 things) |
|
Definition
| Muscular tissue contributes to this_____ by 1.producing body movements, 2. moving substanaces through the body, 3. producing heat to maintain normal body temp |
|
|
Term
| Describe skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
| This _______ functions to move bone, a few may move skin or other muscles, some are striated, * striated, are fibers that have alternating bands |
|
|
Term
| What types of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| (what are these?) skeletal muscle, cardiac, smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is striate, involuntary, muscle fibers branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is found in the walls of internal structures (blood vess, airways, most organs of the abd cav, fnd in skin, attached to hair follicles) |
|
|
Term
| Functions of muscle tissue: |
|
Definition
| produces body movement, stabilizes body positions, stores & moves substances within the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production of heat due to muscle contraction is_______. It is a function of muscle tissue... |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 properties of muscular tissue... |
|
Definition
| Electrical Excitability & Contractility which are? |
|
|
Term
| What is Electrical excitability? |
|
Definition
| The abiity to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of stimuli that trigger action potential? |
|
Definition
| Autorhythmic electrical signals, chemical stimuli, which are 2 types of _______. |
|
|
Term
| name 2 chemical stimuli for action potentials. |
|
Definition
| neurotransmitters and hormones, (are chemical stimuli for ______) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to contract when stimulated by an action potential is_____. |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscles are composed of ..... |
|
Definition
| cells (fibers-surrounded by connective tissue), blood vessels and nerves penetrate into muscles |
|
|
Term
| components of connective tissue... |
|
Definition
| Two types of fascia, including location and structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue that supports and surrounds muscles and organs |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of fascia |
|
Definition
| superficial fascia and deep fascia |
|
|
Term
| location and structure of superficial fascia |
|
Definition
| This _________ separates muscles from skin, composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose |
|
|
Term
| What does the superficial fascia function for? or as? |
|
Definition
| This connective tissue_______ of the skeletal muscle, stores water and fat, insultes against heat loss, mechanical protection |
|
|
Term
| The ____________fascia provides a pathway for nerves blood vessels and lymphatic vessels to enter and exit muscles |
|
Definition
| superficial fascia, allows a pathway for nerves blood vvessels and lymphatic vessels to enter and exit muscles |
|
|
Term
| The deep fascia is what type of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superficial fascia is what type of tissue? |
|
Definition
| areolar connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| There are 3 layers of deep fascia, name them.. |
|
Definition
| epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. these layers belong to which component of the skeletal muscle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ________ is the outermost layer, encircles the muscle, dense irrecgule conn tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ______ surronds groups of 10 to 100 or mor ind fibers, separates the bundles into fascicles, consists of dense irreg conn tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _______ penetrates the interior of each fascicle, separates ind muscle fibers (cells) frome ea other, thin sheath of areolar conn tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a ______ is a cord of dense reg conn tissue, attaches a muscle to the periosteum of bone, some are enclosed within theh tendon sheath (some contain synovial fluid) |
|
|
Term
| where do muscle fiber arise from? |
|
Definition
| the fusion of myoblasts during embryonic development (mesodermal cells)(what is a_________?) |
|
|
Term
| Muscle fibers undergo muscle growth_______, without cell division. |
|
Definition
| hypertrophy, (without cell division) muscle fiber enlargement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the plasma membrane (also known as the ______) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of T-Tubules? |
|
Definition
| allows action potentials to spread through the muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contractile elements of skeletal muscle, made of thick and thin filament |
|
|
Term
| sarcoplasmic reticulum is the? |
|
Definition
| fluid filled system of membranous sacs,releas calcium to trigger muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a transverse tubule + 2 terminal cisterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mainly composed of actin, contains 2 regulatory proteins tropomyosin & troponin |
|
|
Term
| What are thick filaments made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compartments of filaments |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic unit of a muscle fiber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a myosin molecule is composed of ? |
|
Definition
| actin, troponin and tropomyosin.... (there are 2 thin filiments for every thick filiment) |
|
|
Term
| Myofibrils consist of 3 kinds of protein... what are they? |
|
Definition
| contratile, regulatory, and structural proteins |
|
|
Term
| a contractile protein is? |
|
Definition
| A contractile protein... generates force during contraction, actin and myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help turn the contractile process on and off, tropomyosin and troponin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keep thick and thin filaments in proper alignment, give the myofibril elasticity and extensability, link the myofibril to the sacolemma and extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| a structural protein include: |
|
Definition
| titin, myomesin, dystrophin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| motor proteins convert _______ energy in ATP to ________ energy... |
|
Definition
| This converts chemical energy in ATP to mechanical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear protein lies in the groove formed by the actin protein, covers the myosin binding sites in resting muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds the actin and tropomyosin together, and contains a binding site for calcium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ind actin molecules join together to form an actin filament that is twiste forma a helix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ea myosin mol is shaped like 2 golf clubs twisted together, the tails form the shaft of the thick filament the heads extend outward, they attatch to the myosin binding site |
|
|
Term
| *name the regulatory proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What covers the myosin binding site in relaxed muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *what holds the tropomyosin in place in relaxed muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a neuromuscular junction |
|
Definition
| a synapse between the axon terminals of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of a neuromuscular junction |
|
Definition
| synaptic end bulb of the motor neuron, synaptic cleft, motor end plate region of the sarcolemma |
|
|
Term
| muscle metabolism, more ATP is produced from? |
|
Definition
| creatine phosphate, anaerobic cell resp, aerobic cell resp |
|
|
Term
| creatinine phosphate is produced and found how/where? |
|
Definition
| molecule found only in skeletal muscle fibers, high energy phosphate bonds, ATP from ADP by transfer of a phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| anaerobic cell respiration- |
|
Definition
| glycolysis, glucose is broken down, producing pyruvic, 2 ATP-Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires O2, from muscles in myoglobin (protein in sarcoplasm) or diffusion into muscle from blood |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for muscle fatigue? |
|
Definition
| not enough ATP production, insufficient O2, glycogen depletion, inadequate release of calcium ions, depletion of creatine phos, build up of lactic acid |
|
|
Term
| what is a twitch contraction? |
|
Definition
| CONTRACTION OF MOTOR UNIT IN RESPONSE TO A SINGLE ACTION POTENTION OF MOTOR UNIT |
|
|
