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Trinity Church, NY 1846
Richard Upjhon |
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Old South Church, Boston
Cummings and Sears Architects
1873 |
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MFA (old) Boston
Sturgis and Brigham
1874 |
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Memorial Hall, Harvard
Ware and Van Bront
1874 |
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English Artist and Art Critic
Wrote in englan about ills of industrialization
NOT A FAN OF INDUSTRILIZATION!
This took hold in america post civil war |
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first landscape architect
Designed Central park, Black Bay fens, 1st Subarbs (chicago)-Riverside
Got ideas from Birkhend Park
Worlds Columbian Expodition (1893) |
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emphisies emotion and imagination
ment to look random/casual but really thought out |
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Brought Architecutre to America
Paladio- plans from villas (montichello)
Renissance man, highly educated
Came back with ideas from France, england, Italy
Shift with AMERICAN ideals |
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US Capital Building
5 Architects - Letrobe, Thomas W Walter,Bultrude, Washington
Finished in 1865 by walter
Symbol that north was gonna be one nation (growing)
Dome = St pauls cathedrial (triple dome) |
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US Capital
Jeffersons Preposal
Dome, collinade |
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Mass State House-1798
Bulfinch
First to call himself architect
Federal Architecture (brick Domestic)
French and English Presidents |
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Take ideas of baroque
takeing classical ideals
i.e. Dome (brunelleski) |
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Richard Moris Hunt
1827-1895 |
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"Guilded age cottages"--show wealth
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John A Griswald House
Designed by Riachard Morris Hunt
Newport, RI |
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Indiana State Capital Building
Town and Davis, 1825
Not as "gracefull"
Pediments |
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Thomas G. Aplleton House
Richard Morris Hunt
Newport, RI 1870 |
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The Breakers
Richard Morris Hunt
Newport, RI 1892 |
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Biltmore, 1895
Richard Morris Hunt-house and landscape
Ashmore, NC
Largest House in US
French Chatau
1000 Acres |
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Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC, 1897
Richard Morris Hunt |
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Frank Furness
(1839-1912)
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Definition
-Student of Richard Morris Hunt
-Didnt get along with clients
-Wanted to express iron structure without covering it
-Believed in industialization
-Search for American Architecture not just European Expression |
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Pennsylvania Acadamy of Arts, 1876
Frank Furness
indeviualistic interpritation
gothic revival ideals |
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Fisher Fine Arts Library, Phialdelphia, 1891
Frank Furness
"boat like"
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William Watts Serman House, Newport, 1875
H.H. Richardson
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H.H. Richardson
(1836-1886)
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-formal ideas becaome part of ameican search for style
-americanized and personalized
-studided at ’Ecole des Beaux Arts
-random layouts, not 'rigimented'
-Caught in delema (progress/old ideals)
-looks like hagrid
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Trinity Church, Boston, 1873
H.H. Richardson
-Anti-modern movement (Boston)
-Historical Revival (Religiously Centered)
-Looks Back--Church
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Stoughton House, Cambridge, 1883
H.H. Richardson
"shingle house"
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Definition
H.A.C. Taylor House, Newport, 1886
McKim, Mead, White
Calonial Revival |
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Definition
Isaac Bell House, Newport, 1883
McKim, Mead, White
gable roof |
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Law House, Bristol, RI 1887
McKim, Mead, White
neoclassic establishment |
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Villard Houses, NYC 1882
Wealthy New Yorkers who were well traveled |
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Boston Public Library, Boston 1895
McKim, Mead , White
based on centrilized courtyard
show cultured people
Alberi's Palazzo Rusella (1400ish)
Renissance Influence |
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Definition
Old Pennsylvania Station, 1910
McKim, Mead and White
Large Thermal Windows
Central Pavillion with Pediments |
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World's Columbian Exposition
In Chicago, 1893
Main Building-Olmstead
Transportation Building-Louis Sullivan
Administration Building-Richard Morris Hunt |
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Conflict, intense intelectual, old ideas challenges, experimentation, invention
Classical ideals both redesigned and premoted
-move away from old ideals
-premote old ideas (democracy, knowledge)
-coexisting, sometimes one outways other
-started from age of enlightenment(enginerring)
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Royal Guard House, Berlin 1817
Karl Friedrich Schiankel
Pediment
Large, strong columbs |
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Schauspielhaus, Berlin 1818
Schiankel
-germany not yet a country
Theater
greek revival |
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Altes Museum, Berlin 1828
Schiankel
Repetitive Columbs (large)
Old ideals on new building type (museum)
Remind of Boullee- simple yet strong (prototype)
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Bank of England (1788-1833)
Sir John Soane
-huge building (whole block)
-not large opening (security)--still wanted light
-thermal windows, dome, skylights, classical nitches, no electrisity |
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Bank of England (interior)
Sir John Soane
What are make up the interior, classical ideals?
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Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore 1805
Benjamin LatrobeLatrobe
-wanted to get away from Catholic Church
and church in general
-neoclassical |
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AWN Pusin (Arch) and John Ruskin(Artist)
Saw ill's in industrialization
Believed in proper moral and religious values
**Industrialization vs Religion
I.R. Corrupted the world |
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House of Parlament, London 1838
AWN Pugin and Charles Barry
-gothic style
-next to westminster abby
-takes whole block (needed to make sense)
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Term
Age of Iron In Architecture (I.R.) |
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Definition
-Added to conflict of I.R.
-I.R. was not going to stop
-refabrication , mass preduction, preassembly etc.
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Crystal Palace, London 1851
Sir Joseph Paxton
-not done by Architect (budget, time, land)
-show them I.R. is not gonna stop/slow
-prefabrication, mass production, preassembly |
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Biblioteque Ste. Geneviere, Paris 1851
Henri Letrouste
-thin columbs, support iron structure inside
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Effel Tower, Paris 1889
Gustsve Eiffel
-almost universally hated
-peice of enginerring
-iron and steel (calculated not emperical)
-ment to be easily dissasembeled (never was)
-Needed for industrialization/develpment (art) |
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ELEVATOR (safety)
-Fire Proofing (needed)
*Terrocotta covering of iron* |
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W. Watts Sherman House, Newport 1875
H. H. Richardson
-Vernacular
-Same time as Trinity Church
-Work with what learned and respond to whats gong on
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Stoughton House, Cambridge 1884
H. H. Richardson
-New England Materials (eco-friendly) |
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Glassner House, Chicago 1885
H. H. Richardson
-Arts and Crafts interior |
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Ames Free Library, North Easton 1878
H. H. Richardson
-large/strong archway entry |
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Oakes Ames Memorial Library, North Easton 1879
H. H. Richardson
-strong, stone arches
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Ames Gate Lodge, North Easton 1881
H. H. Richardson
-Rough Stone Work
-Drive through arch |
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Thomas Crane Memorial Library, Quincy 1882
H. H. Richardson
-Large, Stone Archway |
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Sever Hall, Harvard 1878
H. H. Richardson
-large stone arch entryway |
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Austin Hall, Harvard 1881
H. H. Richardson
-Richardson Romantic
-Strong Arched Entryway |
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Alleghen Country Court House, Pittsburg 1883
H. H. Richardson
-large front tower
-Large arched entryway
-Center courtyard |
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Marshall Feild Wholesale Store, Chicago 1886
H. H. Richardson
-one of last works
-mix of iron and stone (exterior)
-coming around to industrialization |
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Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
John Augustus Roebins
-stone towers (medevil imagination)
-mix of wires/suspension bridge
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The Chicago School 1885
Wm. LeBaron Jenney
-"First" Skyscraper
-Metal structure, iron and steel
-fire proofing
-Elevator |
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Definition
The Rookery, Chicago 1886
Burnham and Root
-Richardsonian Romanesque |
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Definition
The Monadnock Block 1884-1891
Burnham and Root
-New building >6 stories
-people didnt wanna walk up (elevator)
-stone exterior
-just to make $, not to look pretty |
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Definition
The Reliance Building, Chicago 1894
Burnham and Company
-iron starting to be expressed exertiorly
-vertical emphisis |
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Definition
Chicago Stock Exchange, Chicago 1894
Adler and Sullivan
-Sullivan went to Chicago becasue "anything goes"
-vertical emphisis |
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Definition
Wainwright Building, St. Louis 1891
Sullivan
-Metal Skeleton
-Buildings now had steel structure
-vertical emphisis |
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Auditorium Building, Chicago 1886
Adler and Sullivan
-looking at European Ideals
-Mix of design ideas (all architects)
-Many Different Functions Needed
(office, preformence, mechanical) |
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Louis Sullivan
(1856 -1924) |
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Definition
-Influenced by Richardsons Wholesale Building
-Struggled with what he saw (rejection, didnt know)
-What should a tall building be?
-"Direct and Honest Expression"
**Express Verticallity**
->Top = Mechanical
->Middle = Office
->lower = Commercal |
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Definition
Guaranty Building, Buffalo 1894
Louis Sullivan
-Vertical Emphisis
-Horizontal emphisis only on lower levels
-created levels (3)--not main focus |
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Frank Lloyd Wright
(1867-1959)
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Definition
-Worked for Adler and Sullivan (apprentis)
-Struggled in early life to find place
-Tried enginerring NO
-Sullivan didnt like him working on own projects
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Charnley House, Chicago 1891
Adler and Sullivan/Frank Lloyd Wright?
-both claim credit
-horizontal emphisis (Lloyd) |
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Wright Home and Studio, Oak Park IL 1889
-strong expression of gable roof
Richardson Inspired
-low house
-Serlion windows
-Shingle Sidding and Roof |
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Definition
Winslow House, Oak Park IL 1893
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Car port (wealthy cliants)
-Front door like Charnley House (Sullivan)
-Roof overhang (eve) = shade upper level
-like palazzo medici--EVE
-organized with fireplace
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Ward Willits House, Highland Park IL 1901
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Central Chimney
-Open floor space
-'Spill' onto site
-Horizontal Emphisis
-DeepEve
**Prarrie House Ideals** |
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Definition
Heurtley House, Oak Park IL 1902
Frank Llyod Wright
-Low, wide chimney
-Low roof line
-Deep Eve
-Roman Brick (thin & wide) = horizontal emphisis
-Deep Rusticated Arch
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Term
Preposal For A Prarie House |
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Definition
-1901 designs for elegant, inexpensive, suburban homes in Ladies Home Journal
-Central Chimneys
-Arms of plan radiate into landscape
-Carports (middle-class) |
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Prairie House
Preposal by Frank Lloyd Wright - 1901 |
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Robie House, Chicago 1910
-looks like Berlin Peck Library
-In middle of city, NOT prairie
-Deep overhanging eves = cantalevers (welded steel)
-Bands of windows
-Raised above street level
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Unity Temple, Oak Park 1908
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Horizontal emphisis
-Busy street
-"Hide" interiors = skylights
-Concrete Building |
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Larking Building, Buffalo 1902
Frank Llyod Wright
-For middle class jobs-nice enviorment
-More vertical emphisis
-Skylights
-People work in natural light |
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Taliesen House, Spring Green WI 1911
Frank Lloyd Wright
-"Hobbit" house
- Landscaping encorperated
-one side on top of hill (overlooking) |
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Imperial Hotel, Tokyo 1912
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Horizontally
-Repetitive windows
-Earth quake 'proof'
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Hollyhock House, LA, CA 1916
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Concrete (pattern in it)
-Not a praire house
-Responds to enviorment ->forced inward
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Definition
Usonian House, Okemos MI 1939
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Build after WWI almost WWII
-Small home = middle class
-Easy to get materials
-Own contractor/Become one
-Central floor plan (chimney)
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Falling Water/Edgar Kaufman Residence
Bear Run, PA 1938
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Horizontal emphisis
-Responds to landscape
-Built into waterfall/stream
-Open floor plan (inside; inside->outside) |
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Taliesen West, Scottsdale AZ 1938
Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Johnson Wax Building, WN 1939
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Buisness Place
-Descent work enviorment
-No obvious orderment |
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Guggenheim Museum, NYC 1959
Frank Lloyd Wright
-Inegration Functions, form, space
-Weird
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