Term
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Definition
| pleuripotent diploid cell formed by pronuclei fusion |
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Term
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Definition
| mitosis and cleaeage initiate to form a 2-cell zygote. |
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Term
| A morula is a zygote at the ___ cell stage that is composed of _____ that will differentiate. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| undergo compaction to an adherent ball of cells AKA inner cell mass |
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Term
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Definition
| develop gap junctions for cell signalling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Surface (Outer) Blastomeres |
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Definition
| flatten to form trophoblasts with tight junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| will form the chorionic and amniotic portions of the placenta |
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Term
| After reaching ___ cells, the morula deveopts a fluid-filled space called a _____. The conceptus is then called a _____. |
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Definition
| 128; blastocoel; blasocyst |
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Term
| As it accumulates fluid, the blastocyst expands. The surface blastomeres (also called _____) secrete a protease that _____ and allows the blastocyst to _____. |
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Definition
| trophoblasts; lyses the zona; "hatch" |
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Term
| After "hatching," the blasocysts can now _____ and _____ via adhesion molecules. |
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Definition
| contact the uterine surface; anchor itself |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| On the epiblast surface, a _____ forms as differential cell growth generates a pair of ridges separated by a depression. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primitive streak defines the _____ acis of the embryo. |
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Definition
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Term
| Below the primitive streak a space forms between the _____ and the _____; this will become coelom (_____) |
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Definition
| hypoblasts; epiblasts; body cavity |
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Term
| The embryoblast now undergoes a stage called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process that gives rise to three germ layers |
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Term
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Definition
| will give rise to the epidermies & nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| neutral tube & embryonic surface cells |
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Term
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Definition
| paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate |
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Term
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Definition
| lining primitive gut & notocord |
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Term
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Definition
| will give rise to the lining of the gut, lower respiratory tract and smoe internal organs (pancreas) |
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Term
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Definition
| will give rise to bone, cartilage, muscle, dermis, connective tissues, vessel and most of the urogenital tract |
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Term
| As the gastrula elongates, the embryo goes from a _____ to a more _____ form with initial differentiation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solid rod of cells that forms when a furrow in the dorsal epiblasts folds & merges |
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Term
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Definition
| present in all vertebrates during embryogenesis |
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Term
| The mesoderm is subdivided into ___ columns of cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Paraxial Mesodermal Column |
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Definition
| spinal & vertebral column |
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Term
| Intermediate Mesodernal Column |
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Definition
| kidneys, some reproductive tract |
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Term
| Lateral Mesodermal Column |
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Definition
| splanchnic vessels, heart, walls of gut, parts of body wall |
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Term
| Paraxial Mesodermal Column |
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Definition
| develops transverse fissures that separate the column into somites |
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Term
| Each somite formed from the paraxial mesoderm will give rise to the: |
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Definition
| sclerotome (axial skeleton), myotome (body wall, muscular), dermatome (dermis) |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of the neural tube |
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Term
| Basal Plate of Neural Tube |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Folding of the neural plate occures in the _____ to _____ direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anteior neural tube balloons into ___ primary vesicles. |
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Definition
| three: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| telencephalon, diencephalons, optic cup |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thalamic & hypothalamic optic centers |
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Term
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Definition
| exdends from diencephalons |
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Term
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Definition
| mesencephalic aqueduct (cerebrospinal fluid) |
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Term
| Prhombencephalon becomes: |
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Definition
| metencephalon, myelencephalon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the face, jaws and dorsal skull develop from _____. |
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Definition
| ectodermal neural crest cells |
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Term
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Definition
| primordial cell masses that form around a central area of depression of the ectoderm at the ventral aspect of the anterior end of the embryo |
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Term
| The first pharyngeal arch forms _____. |
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Definition
| the wall and base (maxilla & mandible) of the stomadeum |
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Term
| The remainder of the pharyngeal arches form _____. |
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Definition
| portions of the neck and cranial medistinum. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the first organs to develop |
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Term
| Initially, a paired tube of _____ cells with a _____ to _____ orientation; at the side of the heart, the tubes _____. |
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Definition
| endothelial; cranial to caudal; fuse |
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Term
| The heart tube undergoes an __-shaped looping to change from _____ polarity to _____ polarity. |
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Definition
| "S"; anterior/posterior; left/right |
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Term
| Formation of the GI tract begins with _____ that includes the _____ which initially remains outside of the embryo. |
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Definition
| folding of the endoderm; yolk sac |
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Term
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Definition
| becomes epithelial lining |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| As the GI tract develops, it _____ and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The GI tract is rougly divided into ___ area. |
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Definition
| three: foregut, midgut, hindgut |
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Term
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Definition
| develops first; parts of mouth, lower respiratory system, esophagus,stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon |
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Term
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Definition
| cloaca: urinary tract & rectum |
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Term
| The urogenital system is the _____ organ system to develop. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidney is composed of two elements responsible for _____ & ______. |
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Definition
| filtration (glomeruli); transport (tubules & ducts) |
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Term
| Three developemental kidney stages: |
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Definition
| pronephros (first kidney); mesonephros (middle kidney); metanephros (later kidney) |
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Term
| The extremities start as _____ that consist of a core of _____ and an outer covering of _____ cells. |
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Definition
| limb buds; mesoderm; ectodermal |
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Term
| The _____ limb buds arise first, a few days before the _____ limb buds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Initially the entire limb skeleton is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Initially the lumb buds extend _____. Site of the first digit oriented _____. The limbs shift into a more _____ position, then rotate approximately _____ degrees. |
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Definition
| laterally; cranially; ventral; 90 |
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Term
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Definition
surface epithelium (skin, hair follices)
neural plate (spinal cord, brain)
neural crest cells (facial region, ganglia) |
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Term
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Definition
somites (sclerotomes (skeleton), myotomes (skeletal muscle), dermatomes (dermis), intermediate plate (kidneys, genital tract))
lateral plate (limbs, heart, spleen, mesentery, GI walls, allantois, marrow) |
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Term
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Definition
notochord (vertebral disc)
gut (GI epithelium, liver, pancreas) |
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Term
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Definition
| transfers gasses, nutrients & wastes between embryo & mother; embryonic/fetal protection |
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Term
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Definition
| from trophoblasts which are determined at the morula stage |
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Term
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Definition
| from the epiblasts which are determined at the blastula stage |
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Term
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Definition
| from the hypoblasts which are determined at the blastula stage |
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Term
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Definition
| from lateral plate mesoderm of the hind gut at gastrula stage |
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Term
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Definition
| develops at the same time as allantois from hind gut |
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Term
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Definition
| chorion and allantois (fuse in mammals) |
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Term
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Definition
| contact cell layer with uterus at fetal/maternal exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| physical support of chorionic layer and vascular bed for transport of nutrients, gas and waste |
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Term
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Definition
| contains amniotic fluid which is protective and ocntains excreted urine |
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Term
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Definition
| regresses and is of minimal importance in mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| moves blood between the embryo/fetus and chorioallantoic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| simple layer of epithelium held by tight junctions (no nerves, CT or vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of epithelial type cells suppored by membrane matrix of collagen, mucopolysaccharides, hyaluronic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| two arteries & one vein with a loose mesenchyme of proteoglycans, collagen and myofibroblasts (Wharton's jelly) |
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Term
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Definition
| clear to light yellow, watery fluid; thin clear membrane; no vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| There are potentially _____ layers of tissue separating maternal & fetal blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Three layers in the chorioallantoic placenta: |
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Definition
(1) endothelium of allantoic capillaries
(2) CT of chorioallantoic mesoderm
(3) chorionic epithelium |
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Term
| Three lyaers on maternal side of placenta: |
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Definition
(1) endometrial epithelium
(2) CT of endometrium
(3) endothelium of endometrial capillaries |
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Term
| There are _____ classifications of layer differences in the fetal/maternal interface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Epitheliochorial Placentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Synepitheliochorial Placentation |
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Definition
| fusion of binucleate trophoblasts & endometrial epithelium that form syncitial plaques |
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Term
| Endotheliochorial Placentation |
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Definition
| the endometrial epithelium is lost |
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Term
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Definition
| endometrial epithelium & endothelium is lost |
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Term
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Definition
| epitheliochorial placentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| epitheliochorial placentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| epitheliochorial placentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| synepitheliochorial placentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| endotheliochorial placentation |
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Term
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Definition
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