Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C4bC2a, same for both lectin and classical pathway, stage where lectin and classical converge |
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Definition
430 BC
observed those who recovered from plague could treat others |
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Definition
15th century
1st recorded attempt to stimulate immunity
discovered that they could grind/use pustules to pass on immunity |
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Term
| Lady Mary Wortley Montagu |
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Definition
1721
brought technique of innoculation over to W. Europe from Turkey |
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Definition
1798
observed milkmaids did not get smallpox
cowpox pustules to provide smallpox vaccine |
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Definition
late 19th century
Kock's postulates-pathogens cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
1880s
old strains of bacteria can be used to make a vaccine
came up with term vaccine
vaccines: pieces of bacteria/virus (antigens, toxins) OR attenuated OR heat killed
developed anthrax vaccine and attenuated rabies vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
1890
did experiments on mechanisms of immunity by transferring serum of one immune animal to another
-Diptheria in animals
passive immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| won 2011 Nobel Prize for discoveries concerning activation of innate immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| won 2011 nobel prize for discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity |
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Term
| 2 virus pathogens (pathogen, disease caused, route of entry) |
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Definition
HIV, causes AIDS, through sexual transmission or blood
Rabies virus, causes Rabies, through bite of an infected animal |
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Term
| 2 bacterial pathogens (pathogen, disease caused, route of entry) |
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Definition
Vibrio cholerae, causes Cholera, by oral route
Clostridium tetani, causes Tetanus, by infected wound |
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Term
| Fungi pathogen (pathogen, disease caused, route of entry) |
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Definition
| Aspergillus species, causes Aspergillosis, by inhalation of spores or via an opportunistic pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Plasmodium falciparum, causes Malaria, by the bite of an infected mosquito |
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Term
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Definition
| Ascaris lumbricoides, causes the common roundworm, oral, from infected material |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune response cytokine
mediates acute inflammation in excessive amounts and also causes the shock cascade
produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1 cells and others |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune response cytokine
mediates acute inflammatory response, works with TNF-alpha
produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic, endothelial and epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune response cytokine
enables the migration of leukocytes from the blood to the tissues at the site of inflammation
increases affinity of integrins on leukocytes for ligands on vascular wall
produced by leukocytes, endothelial, and epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune cytokine
primary mediator of early innate immune response to intracellular microbes
inducer of cell mediated immunity (T cells)
stimulates synthesis of interferon by T and NK cells
increases killing by cytotoxic T and stimulates differentiation of T
produced by macrophages and dendritic cells |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune response cytokine
provides early innate response against viruses
induces uninfected cells to produce enzymes capable of degrading mRNA
enhances activities of CTL, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and plasma cells |
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Term
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Definition
type of innate immune response cytokine
stimulates the liver to produce acute phase proteins, stimulates proliferation of B-lymphocytes and increases neutrophil production |
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Term
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Definition
type of adaptive immune response cytokine
principal cytokine for activating macrophages
induces production of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules by APCs in order to promote cell-mediated immunity and activates and increases antimicrobial activity of macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells |
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Term
| What are the 3 functions of complement? |
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Definition
opsonize pathogens with C3b
generate effector molecules to kill microbes via MAC
release of anaphlatoxins to stimulate inflammation (C3a, C5a, C2b) |
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Term
| What are the various anaphlatoxins of complement cleavage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 main steps of phagocytosis? |
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Definition
activation of phagocyte
chemotaxis of phagocytes toward attractant
attachment of phagocyte to microbe or cell
ingestion of microbe or cell by phagocyte
destruction of microbe or cell |
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Definition
| plasma protein that is a regulator in the alternative complement pathway, removes Bb from alternative pathway C3 convertase, breaking positive feedback, works with Factor I |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma protein that regulates complement pathway by inactivating C3b, acts with Factor H to reduce the number of C3 convertase molecules on the pathogen |
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Term
| Delay accelerating factor (DAF) |
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Definition
| membrane protein that binds to C3b of alternative C3b convertase and inactivates it |
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Term
| membrane co-factor protein (MCP) |
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Definition
| membrane protein that inactivates C3 convertase |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma protein that increases the speed and power of complement activation, binds to C3bBb and prevents degradation |
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Definition
family of variable antimicrobial peptides
divided into alpha and beta defensins
are amphipathic in nature which allows them to penetrate microbial membranes and disrupt integrity |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha defensins that defend intestine, placenta, and cervical mucus plug |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha defensin that defends salivary, GI, eyes, female genital tract, and breast milk |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha defensin that defends salivary, GI, eyes, and breast milk |
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Term
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Definition
| beta defensins that defends GI, respiratory, urogenital, skin, eyes, salivary, kidney, blood and plasm |
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Term
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Definition
| beta defensin that defends stomach and testes |
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