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| 2 key atributes of a theory |
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Definition
1. consistency with a vast amount of known data
2.ability to make many correct predictions. |
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| all modern forms of life display a common set of characteristics based on biological evolution. |
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| Many types of environments create diverse organisms |
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| seven characteristics of life |
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Definition
1. Cells and organization.
2. Energy use and metabolism.
3. response to environmental changes.
4. Regulation and Homeostasis.
5. Growth and Development.
6. Reproduction.
7. Biological evolution.
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1. Atom
2. Molecules and macromolecules
3. cells
4. tissues
5. organs
6. organisms
7. population
8. community
9. eco system
10. biosphere |
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| smallest unit of an element. all living and non living things are made from them. |
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| cluster of atoms held together by a chemical bond. |
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| smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as a multicellular organism- unit of living matter seperated by a membrane. |
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| unit of types and ammounts of cells interacting for a task. |
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| unit of two or more tissues interacting- come together to make organ system. |
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| individuals made of different types of cells. |
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| group of individuals of the same species occupying a specified area |
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| all populations of all species occupying specified area. |
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| community that is interacting with it's physical environment. |
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| All regions of the earth's waters, crust and atmosphere that hold organisms. |
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Definition
TO maintain internal order, energy is needed by organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical ractions collectivley known as metabolism.
All living organisms require a source of energy. plants get energy from the sun and convert it. Humans get energy from plants or other animals. |
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| Response to environmental change |
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Definition
| All living things can sense their environment and respond, even single celled organisms, by moving towards food or away from hazards. Plants respond to gravity by growing up instead of down. |
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| regualtion and homeostasissssss |
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Definition
| Organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain internal condition. |
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| Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated by a large body of evidence. Allows us to make many predictions. Can never be proven true, however due to overwhelming evidence, is most likely true. |
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| Growth produces more or larger cells while development produces organisms with a defined set of charcteristics |
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| TO sustain life over many generations, organisms must reproduce. Due to genetic material, offspring tend to have traits like their parents. |
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| Populations of organisms change over the course of many generations. Evolution results in traits that promote survival and reproductive success. |
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Life began 3.5-4 bya as primitive cells
they underwent evolution which evolved them into the species we see today. |
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| 1. science in the observation, identification, experimental investigation, a theoretical explanation of a natural phenomena. |
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| proposed explanation of a natural phenomenon. Educated guess based on previous ovbservations or experimental studies. Must make predictions that can be proven true or false. |
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| similarity between 2 structures reflect common ancestry even if the structures don't have the same function. |
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| similar adaptations in organisms that don't share common ancestry due to convergent evolution. IE bird and insect wings. |
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| Organisms have similar characteristics because they evolve in similar enviornmental conditions, although they are not closely related. |
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| no apparent function in one species, but homologous to a functional organ in another. |
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| Evolutionary developmental Biology |
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Definition
| The study of genes that regulate the development and give rise to new body forms.New phenotypes arise from changing timing or locations of signals. |
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| DNA can be used to estimate the time when organisms diverged from a common ancestor if biologists know the mutation rate fro a gene in 2 species. |
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| The complete genetic makeup of an organism. |
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| Techniques use to analyze DNA sequences in genomes. |
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| The complete complement of a protein that a cell or organism can make. |
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| Techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species and the comparison of proteomes of different species. |
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| MEchanisms of evolutionary change |
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Definition
| Vertical descent with modification and horizontal gene transfer |
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| Vertical descent with modification |
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Definition
| progression of change is linear. New species evolve from pre existing species by the accumulation of mutations. Natural Selection takes advantage of beneficial mutations. |
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| Genetic exchange between different species, relatively rare. |
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| classification of living things, grouping species based on common ancestor. |
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| individuals vary, there are more individuals than the environment can support, leads to struggle for existence, individuals with best adaptatinos pass those advantages on to offspring, those adaptations become more common. |
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