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Definition
Used to replace hepatic cysteine in acetaminophen OD (Lecture 2) |
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Definition
Analgesic, antipyretic, metabolized by liver |
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Definition
Barbiturate, sedative/hypnotic. Important now bc at pH 6 - poor renal excretion. At pH 8, excretion increased (Lecture 2) |
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Definition
Blocks dopamine transport into vesicle at noradrenergic synapse (Lecture 5) |
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Definition
Block release of NE, ATP, DBH. Initial ^BP, then long-term decrease (indirect sympathomimetic) (Lecture 5) |
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Definition
Block reuptake of NE, 5HT, DA into varicosity (Lecture 5) |
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Definition
Similar to DOPA, acts on CNS to decrease SNS outflow. Becomes alpha-methyl-NE which stimulates inhibitory areas in the medulla -> decreased BP |
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Definition
Converts to octopamine (false transmitter). Releases nonvesicular NE - indirectly acting adrenergic agonist. Wine and cheese syndrome (Lecture 6) |
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Definition
Alpha, Beta-1, Beta-2 agonist. Best stimulator of Alpha (vasoconstriction -> ^TPR -> ^BP). Used for hypersensitivity, cardiac arrest, adjuncts to local anesth |
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Definition
Stimulates only Beta-1 and Alpha. Alpha dominates so NE administration causes ^TPR with decreased HR (vagal dominance). Used for shock (not often) |
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Definition
Renal vasodilation at low [], Beta-1 at higher, Alpha at even higher. Used to treat shock by increasing dose to stimulate appropriate receptors. |
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Definition
Only Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors stimulated. Stimulates Beta best of Iso/NE/Epi. Not useful, but may be used for asthma |
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Definition
Pure Alpha agonist. Not a catecholamine (lost –OH at position 4 of benzene ring) |
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Definition
Pure Alpha agonist. Not a catecholamine (lost –OH at position 4 of benzene ring) |
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Definition
Pure Alpha agonist. Not a catecholamine (lost –OH at position 4 of benzene ring) |
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Definition
Indirect sympathomimetic. Displaces NE in CNS. Has CNS activity bc lacks –OH at position 3 AND 4 on benzene ring |
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Definition
Selective Beta-2 agonist/bronchodilator. Avoids ^HR that comes with Beta-1/Beta-2 agonists. Ring hydroxyl shifted so COMT inactive -> increased t ½ |
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Definition
Selective Beta-2 agonist/bronchodilator. Avoids ^HR that comes with Beta-1/Beta-2 agonists. Ring hydroxyl shifted so COMT inactive -> increased t ½ |
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Definition
Selective Beta-2 agonist/bronchodilator. Avoids ^HR that comes with Beta-1/Beta-2 agonists. Ring hydroxyl shifted so COMT inactive -> increased t ½ |
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Definition
Beta-1 selective agonist. ^CO with less reflex tachycardia (such as with Isoproterenol). Used for CHF |
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Definition
Stimulates Alpha-2 (feedback inhibitor) receptors in CNS that decrease BP. Used to relieve HTN. Can be used to relieve symptoms of narcotic withdrawal |
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Definition
Irreversible Alpha antagonist (covalent). Receptor can no longer be used. Maximum effect of agonist is decreased |
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Term
-zosins (Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin) |
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Definition
Competitive Alpha antagonist/blocker. Alpha-1 selective |
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Term
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Definition
Nonselective (Alpha-1 and Alpha-2) competitive antagonist |
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Definition
Prototype of Beta blockers. Beta-1 and Beta-2 |
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Definition
Beta blocker. Cardioselective (Beta-1 only). Excreted only by kidney so t ½ ^^ (high lipophilicity) |
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Definition
Beta blocker. Not cardioselective. Excreted only by kidney so t ½ ^^ (high lipophilicity) |
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Definition
Beta blocker. Cardioselective (Beta-1 only) |
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Definition
Beta blocker. Partial agonist activity. At rest some ^HR, but w exercise, decreased max HR (~130). Supposedly good for asthmatics but not in reality |
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Definition
Beta and Alpha blocker. No more effective at decreasing BP than regular Beta-blockers |
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Definition
Beta blocker with short t ½ (5-10 mins), so used as IV drip to determine efficacy of Beta-blocker in MI patients |
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Definition
PSNS neurotransmitter. Dose for CV< glands/SMC < Ganglia < NMJ (muscarinic). Ganglia< NMJ < CV < glands/SMC (nicotinic) |
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Definition
Stimulates muscarinic receptors. Use of muscarinics is rare |
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Definition
Stimulates nicotinic receptors at low doses. Blocks at higher doses (“depolarizing blockade”). Not degraded by AChE. Stimulation then blockade in SNS and PSNS. Only blockade in NMJ (-> resp paralysis) |
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Definition
Muscarinic of choice. Used for GI stimulation in hypomotility, treat urinary retention |
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Definition
Anti-muscarinic. Blocks PSNS, used for preanesthetic (dry secretions and constrict airways). Dilates pupils, contraindicated with glaucoma. Mad as hatter, dry as bone, red as beet, blind as stone. |
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Definition
Antihistamine. Can block muscarinic receptors (classical H1 blockers also block muscarinic receptors) |
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Definition
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Definition
Antimuscarinic. Oxygen bridge ^CNS penetration. Used for motion sickness. |
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Definition
Antimuscarinic. Reduced CNS effects (quaternary amine) make it more desirable than atropine as preanesthetic |
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Definition
Antimuscarinic. Reduced CNS effects (quaternary amine) make it more desirable than atropine as preanesthetic |
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Term
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Definition
Ganglionic (SNS and PSNS) blocker (nicotinic) |
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Definition
Ganglionic (SNS and PSNS) blocker (nicotinic) |
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Term
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Definition
Competitive antagonist of AChE. Short duration (10 minutes), so used to test for myasthenia gravis |
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Term
-stigmines (Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine) |
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Definition
Carbamates. Mimic ACh but slow hydrolysis (2-8 hrs). AChE inhibitor used for myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
Organophosphate. Prodrug (-> Paraoxon). AChE inhibitor for mammals and insects. Muscarinic (bronchoconstriction and secretions), nicotinic (paralyze respiratory muscles), CNS (decreased resp drive) |
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Definition
Organophosphate. Prodrug (-> Malaoxon). AChE inhibitor selective for insects, so used as insecticide |
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Definition
Organophosphate. Muscarinic (bronchoconstriction and secretions), nicotinic (paralyze respiratory muscles), CNS (decreased resp drive) |
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Definition
Antidote to organophosphates. Potentiated with atropine (anti-muscarinic) |
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Definition
Blocks T-type calcium channel. Drug of choice for petit mal seizures. |
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Definition
Used for petit mal, absence, and tonic-clonic seizures. Hepatotoxic, so do LFTs. Divalproex Na is enteric mixture of valproic acid and sodium valproate to reduce GI upset (GI “seizures”) |
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Definition
Benzodiazepine (GABA channel potentiator). Long acting with good efficacy against petit mal seizures. Tolerance will occur |
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Definition
GABA channel potentiator (?). Designed as GABA agonist but found to not mimic GABA. Renal excretion. No known significant interactions. Used in combo with other anti-Sz drugs, chronic pain of neural origin |
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Term
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Definition
Prolongs inactivation state of Na+ channels. When neuron is firing fast, inactivation is more prominent. Related to tricyclic antidepressants. Drug of choice for partial seizures |
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Definition
Hydantoin. Limits spread of Sz in brain. Effective against grand mal and partial seizures. Nonlinear effect and variable between patients. Gingival hyperplasia |
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Definition
Sodium channel inhibitor. Anti-epileptic drug |
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Definition
“New” anti-epileptic drug, has replaced Phenytoin |
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Definition
Barbiturate. Enhances GABA. Used for grand mal and simple partial Sz. OK for complex partial. May exacerbate petit mal. Tolerance forms to sedative effects but not to anticonvulsive effect (beneficial) |
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Term
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Definition
“New” anti-epileptic drug, has replaced Phenytoin |
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Term
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Definition
Deoxy barbiturate. Similar to Phenobarbital in uses for epilepsy. Metabolized to Phenobarbital and Phenyethylmalonamide (used for complex partial seizures) |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine (enhance GABA). Used to treat status epilepticus. Chosen over phenobarbital bc quick onset and decreased effect on respiration |
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Definition
Benzodiazepine (enhance GABA). Used to treat status epilepticus. Chosen over phenobarbital bc quick onset and decreased effect on respiration |
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Definition
Antagonist to Glutamate’s NMDA receptor. Used for Alzheimer. Excessive glutamate (-> Ca++) in CNS can lead to neuronal damage |
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Definition
Cholinesterase inhibitor used for Alzheimer. Keeps patient out of nursing home for several more months |
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Definition
Narcotic. Abused for euphoria and sedative action. OD -> respiratory depression (use Naloxone). Physical and psychological dependence |
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Definition
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic. Displaces NE in CNS. Same effects as cocaine. |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic. Displaces NE in CNS. Same effects as cocaine. |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic. Current use for narcolepsy and ADHD. Increases BP, HR, arrhythmias, mydriasis. Tolerance occurs to anorexia, euphoria, lethal effects |
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Term
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Definition
Hallucinogen. No medicinal use, strong psychological dependence, little physical dependence. Small doses produce frank hallucinations. Autonomic effects same as SNS stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
Hallucinations at high doses (not like LSD – milder). Strong psychological dependence. Metabolites in urine for at least 2-3 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant and psychedelic effects. Produces degeneration of 5HT in nerve cells and axons in rats. CSF of abusers is low in 5HT metabolites. Abusers get very depressed when they withdraw |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant and psychedelic effects. Produces degeneration of 5HT in nerve cells and axons in rats. CSF of abusers is low in 5HT metabolites. Abusers get very depressed when they withdraw |
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Term
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Definition
PCP. Produces numbness, slurred speech at low doses. Analgesia, hallucinations, psychotic states and coma at high doses (bad combo) . Neuroleptics and hospitalization often required. |
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Definition
Narcotic with long t ½. Smaller sedative effect (less reinforcing). Less withdrawal. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Crosses the BBB easily. Acts as extra precursor to allow surviving dopamine neurons to increase their output of dopamine. Converted by AAADC/VitB6 to Dopamine. Side effects: psychosis, N/V, arrhythmias |
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Definition
Blocks peripheral AAADC. Allows L-Dopa dose to dramatically decrease -> less N/V, fewer arrhythmias, no concerns about VitB6 |
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Definition
Cofactor for AAADC. Allows peripheral conversion of L-Dopa to Dopamine. Not preferable, bc L-Dopa is only useful for Parkinson in the CNS |
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Definition
Antiviral agent that works by increasing dopamine output of nigrostriatal neurons. Parkinson |
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Definition
Specific MAO-B inhibitor. Does not cause wine and cheese syndrome. Prevents dopamine degradation -> ^levels |
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Definition
Dopamine agonist that can easily cross BBB. Parkinson |
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Definition
Dopamine-2 agonist. Can cross BBB. Parkinson |
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Definition
Dopamine-2 agonist. Can cross BBB. Parkinson |
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Term
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Definition
COMT inhibitor. Prevents formation of O-Methyl-Dopa (inactive), so more L-Dopa reaches CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Antipsychotic. Phenothiazine derivative. Strong hypotensive and sedative. Strong anti-muscarinic effects. These prevent EPS but give blurred vision, constipation, etc. Low tendency to produce acute dystonia |
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Term
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Definition
Antipsychotic. Minimal sedation and only mildly antimuscarinic. Associated with high incidence of acute dystonia |
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Definition
“Old” antipsychotic. Dopamine blocker. Not antimuscarinic so no ability to decrease movement difficulties (EPS) |
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Definition
Antimuscarinic used to treat Parkinson Syndrome (not Disease). Use with Dopamine blockers |
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Term
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Definition
Antimuscarinic used to treat Parkinson Syndrome (not Disease). Use with Dopamine blockers |
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Term
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Definition
New/atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT and all Dopamine receptors. Only mild blockade at D2 so no EPS. Antimuscarinic, hypotensive. Be careful of agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
New/atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT and all Dopamine receptors. Only mild blockade at D2 so no EPS. Sedative, hypotensive. No agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
New/atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT and all Dopamine receptors. Only mild blockade at D2 so no EPS. Sedative, hypotensive. No agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
New/atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT and all Dopamine receptors. Only mild blockade at D2 so no EPS. Sedative, hypotensive. No agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
New/atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT and all Dopamine receptors. Only mild blockade at D2 so no EPS. Sedative, hypotensive. No agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
D2 partial agonist with minimal sedative and hypotensive effects. “Dopamine stabilizer” |
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Definition
GABA agonist. Spasmolytic. Hyperpolarizes cells and inhibits release of excitatory transmitters. Similar to Diezapam. Sedation a problem |
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Definition
Blocks release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Spasmolytic. Acts peripherally. Major side effect is generalized muscle weakness. Used to treat malignant hyperthermia |
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Definition
Decreases muscle spindle afferent activity (peripheral action) by blocking interneurons. Spasmolytic |
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Definition
Acts in the CNS to decrease repetitive motor activity. Spasmolytic |
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