Term
|
Definition
| former abolitionists who controlled Congress & Reconstruction in late 1860s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laws passed by southern states to limit the rights of freedmen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agency established by the federal government to aid former slaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amendment that defines citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law |
|
|
Term
| Congressional Reconstruction |
|
Definition
| Four Reconstruction Acts that Congress imposed on the south. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granted men the right to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Northerner who moved south after the Civil War; supported Republicans and Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| southerner who supported Reconstruction. "Poor & Ignorant- sought profit" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decisions in which the Supreme Court threw out major laws designed to protect freedmen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System in which tenant farmer paid a share of a crop as rent to the landowner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Borrowing against future crops; often created a cycle of debt that tied tenants to sharecropping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scheme to skim profits from the Union Pacific Railroad; one of several scandals to engulf Grant administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fraud, bribery, and corruption in office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Southern elite who returned to power as Reconstruction wound down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bourbon term for regaining control of the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deal that gave northern republicans the presidency and restored southern democrats to power, ending Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diverse Native American societies inhabiting the region from the Dakotas to Texas |
|
|
Term
| William F "Buffalo Bill" Cody |
|
Definition
| Renouned scout indian fighter, and showman who symbolized the Wild West mythos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agreement that moved thousands of Plains Indians to reservations in South Dakota in 1867 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of Sioux warriors who wiped out George Armstrong Custer's force at the Little Bighorn in 1876 (Died Also) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Humanitarian who popularized wrongs done to indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law intended to "civilize" indians by distributing tribal lands to individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Massacre of 300 indians by US Army |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal confiscation of Mormon church property to pressure it to abandon practice of polygamy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mexican-American vigilante group in northern New Mexico that protested the enclosure of grazing lands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fabulously rich silver discovery that opened mining bonanza in West |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Millions of head of cattle moved from Texas grazing lands to the railroad terminals in Kansas in the 1870s & 1880s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dissolved the indian territory and abolished tribal governments in 1898 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Buffalo Bill's" extravagant western-themed traveling show |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Author of The Virginian, which portrayed the cowboy as a moral force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explorer who wrote eloquently about beauty of West, necessity for environmental conservation |
|
|
Term
| Yellowstone National Park |
|
Definition
| First national park founded as a result of Conservation movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Architect and politician from Vermont who challenged the notion that nature existed merely to be exploited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conservationist who played a major role in wilderness preservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Captain of industry and owner of the Union Pacific Railroad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First federal attempt to control unfair practices by railroads. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Investment banker who helped create US Steel, other huge corporations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scottish immigrant who built enormous steel company |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technique of controlling all phases of production, extracting maximum profit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creator of Standard Oil and master of the use of pools and trusts to monopolize an industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Am umbrella organization of forty companies that controlled the US oil industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| law against trusts; initially unsuccessful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inventor, founder of the first industrial research lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Editor of "The Atlanta Constitution" and tireless booster of his city and region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Author of more than 100 "rags to riches" books for boys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneous strikes not authorized by a labor union, some turned violent |
|
|
Term
| National Labor Union (NLU) |
|
Definition
| Early attempt to establish a single national union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organization that took up where the NLU left off; enjoyed considerable success for a while |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor |
|
Definition
| skilled craft unions united under leadership of Samuel Gompers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AFL leader who focused on practical goals like wages,hours, and working conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Company lock out that sparked a strike and violence at a Carnegie steel plant 1892 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union organizer, arrested as a leader of striking national railway union; would become socialist leader |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tough minded Yale professor and theorist of social darwinism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that "survival of the fittest" competition benefits society by weeding out the unfit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that capitalism would inevitably destroy itself in violent class struggle, thus paving the way for a classless, communist eutopia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black composer who gained great popularity with ragtime, a jazzy, syncopated dance music |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wave of immigrants after 1880 coming mainly from southern and eastern europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immigrant processing center in NYC harbor through which millions passed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black sociologist, later one founder of NAACP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strict code of gentility that permeated late 19th Century society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emporium dedicated to convincing middle and upper class women that consumption was attractive and repectable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urban political organization that controlled patronage, manipulated immigrants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corrupt boss of the Tammany Hall Org. that ran NYC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religious group to aid the poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of moral purity crusade against urban vice, corruption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protestant doctrine that wealthy must aid the poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader in settlement-house movement, later won Nobel Peace Prize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trend in early 20th century thought and aesthetics that rejected Victorian formalism in favor of new modes of experience and expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Architect who rejected Victorian fussiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feminist author, plotlines of her novel "The Awakening" violated social conventions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that government should not interfere with the workings of the free market |
|
|
Term
| Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) |
|
Definition
| union veterans group that sought to broaden pensions and exercised political power by "waving the bloody shirt" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sought to maintain inflationary currency through printing of money not backed by gold |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
|
Definition
| Law passed in 1890 in response to farmers' calls for inflationary monetary policies |
|
|
Term
| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
|
Definition
| Attempt to end spoils system and create a professional civil service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reformers, including EL Godkin and Carl Schurz, who switched from the Republican to the Democratic party in 1884 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First major farmers' political movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Successful farm protest movement spawned Populist party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agrarian-based third-party challenge to Republicans and Democrats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Charles Macune's plan to bring government aid to struggling farmers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vigilante hanging of those accused of crimes; used primarily against blacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supreme Court ruling validating "separate but equal" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leading black figure of late 19th century; stressed education and accommodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wall Street collapse that touched off a nationwide economic depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orator, champion of farm interests, anti-imperialist, three-time Democratic presidential candidate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leading proponent of imperialism, sea power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Independent island nation in Pacific Ocean annexed by US in 1898 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agreement to withdraw US troops from Cuba; US maintained a naval base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small but influential group that opposed imperialism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalist leader of Filipino war against American occupation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Journalists and novelists who wrote about urban corruption and wrongdoing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progressive politician; won Wisconsin governorship as independent and oversaw several reforms; later a US Senator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Political advocacy group founded in the movement to ban the sale of alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eloquent speaker, writer, and civil rights activist who championed anti-lynching legislation |
|
|
Term
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
|
Definition
| Major civil rights organization founded during the Progressive Era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of women's movement; drive for woman suffrage in early 20th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founder of birth-control movement; leading feminist |
|
|
Term
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
|
Definition
| Occasionally radical union discredited by use of violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Youthful successor to William McKinley in 1901; pushed an agenda of progressive reform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosevelt's hand-picked successor for president; later served as Supreme Court justice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Legislation that strengthened government power to regulate railroads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sold public land and used the revenues for water management and dam projects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National third party formed around TR's presidential candidacy in 1912 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Democratic president who election in 1912 ushered in a second wave of progressive reforms on the national level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major step toward establishing solid national banking system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agency to ensure fair trade and practices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jurist who pioneered use of sociology and other social sciences in arguing legal cases |
|
|
