Term
| *lipids and proteins are the major components of the plasma membrane |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *the chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for lipid sythesis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *eukaryotic cells are characterized by a lack of distinct nucleus, whearas prokaryotic cells have intracellular compartments bordered by membranes and a well-defined nucleus. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *if cells are deprived of communication from extracellular chemical messengers, most cells experience apoptosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *the function of atp is to store energy in molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, but not to transfer energy from one molecule to another |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *diffusion is an example of active transport |
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Definition
|
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Term
| *all body cells are electrically polarized with the inside of the cell being more negatively charged than the outside. |
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Definition
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Term
| *hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely work together |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *aging is the result of a genetically controlled development program or built-in self-destructive processes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *both hypokalemia and hyperkalemis can cause muscle weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *proteins are primarily an intracellular buffer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the two main intracellular fluid compartments are the interstitial fluid contained in the nucleus and the intrvascular fluid contained in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *infants have the overall highest percentage of body water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *movement of water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid is primarily accomplished by active transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *both loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *DNA directs the synthesis of all body's proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *RNA polymerase is the most important protein in DNA replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *males are affected more often by x-linked recessive genes than females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *in most cases of recessive disease, both parents of affected individuals are heterozygous carriers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *all living organisms use the same DNA codes to specify proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *relative risks indicates the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| *alzheimers disease is thought to have a genetic predisposition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *a low fat high fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| * the body weight of adopted children correlates significantly with the body weights of their adopted parents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *many of the normal bacterial flora in the intestines produce vitamin K and assist with the absorption of calcium, iron and magnesium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *opsonization is a process that renders bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the main function of natural killer cells is recognition and elimination of bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the inflammatory response is the bodies first line of defense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *neutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *resolution is best defined as the restoration of original structure and physiologic function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *dyplastic changes may be reversible, but may become malignant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *frameshift mutation has no impact on amino acid sequence in protein synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *a child born with an autosomal dominant disease was most likely produced by the union of a normal parent with an affected heterozygous parent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *the recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member has a multifactorial disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *connective tissue binds various tissues and organs together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| * the powerhouses of the cell are called ribosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *energy using metabolism is called catabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *excess free water in the body is very common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *during nuclear division, translation takes place inside the nucleus |
|
Definition
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|
Term
which of the following best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. cells can produce proteins
b. cells can secrete dig. enzymes
c. cells can take in &use nutrients
d. cells can synthesize fat |
|
Definition
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|
Term
how are K and Na transported across plasma membranes?
a. by passive electrolyte channels
b. by coupled channels
c. by adenosine triphosphate enzyme
d. by diffusion |
|
Definition
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|
Term
what does the fluid mosaic model explain?
a. how a cell membrane functions
b. why our bodies appear to be solid
c. how tissue is differentiated
d. how fluid moves between walls |
|
Definition
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|
Term
how is passive transport described?
a.it is driven by osmosis, filtration, and diffusion
b. it involves receptors that can bind with substances
c. it is capable of transporting macromolecules
d. it required energy by the cell |
|
Definition
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|
Term
what is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
a. enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs halting DNA synthesis
b. influx of K ions in the mitochondria
c. edema of the golgi body
d. shift of calcium ions |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| during cell injury caused by hypoxia, why do sodium and water move into the cell? |
|
Definition
| because the pump that transports sodium ouf of the cell cannot function because of decreased ATP |
|
|
Term
| why are infants susceptible to significant losses in total body water (TBW)? |
|
Definition
| because infants kidneys are not mature enough to couter fluid loss |
|
|
Term
what mechanisms cause hypernatremia?
a. SIADH
b. cushings disease and hyperaldosteronism
c. prolonged vomitting and diarrhea
d. diuretic therapy |
|
Definition
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|
Term
hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
a. hyperkalemia,hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
b. hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
c. hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and fluid volume deficit |
|
Definition
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|
Term
which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?
a. angiotensin 1
b. angiotensin 2
c. aldosterone
d. renin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which are causes of hypocalcemia?
a. repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
b. kidney stones
c. decreased reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone
d. hyperparathyroidism and bone growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of dna polymerase in dna replication? |
|
Definition
| this enzyme travels along the single DNA strand adding the correct nucleotide to the new strand |
|
|
Term
| what is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance? |
|
Definition
| consanuinity is often present |
|
|
Term
| what is the chromosomal variation that cause klinefelter syndrome? |
|
Definition
| nondisjunction of X chromosome in the mother |
|
|
Term
| which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant for of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid to provide a first line of defense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ may activate the complement system.
a. viruses
b. antibody- antigen complexes
c. mast cells
d. macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of natural killer cells? |
|
Definition
| to bind tightly to antigens |
|
|
Term
chromosomal breaks during meiosis and mitosis _____.
a. cause retardation
b. are lethal
c. usually heal
d. cause blindness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
traits caused by a single gene are called _____ traits.
a. inherited
b. mendelian
c. gregorian
d. allele |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| hypertension is a ____ disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the maturation phase of healing takes how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the first cells to respond to an inflamed site are:
a. neutrophils
b. macrophages
c. erythrocytes
d. megakaryocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the golgi complex? |
|
Definition
| packages and transports proteins |
|
|
Term
| liver regeneration is also known as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what disease does this explain:
zygote has one chromosome with the normal complement of genes and one with a missing gene.. |
|
Definition
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