Term
Vingt-Quatre Violons
du Roi=24 Violins of the King |
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Definition
First large ensembles of violin family
Accompanied ballets, balls, king's supper, other court entertainment
Would become an orchestra, but by this point, it had 5 string parts, winds weren't listed |
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Term
| Da Capo Aria="from the head" |
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Definition
Performer repeats A at the end of B, resulting in ABA1 form
Allows for repetition and contrast, demonstrates mu
sician ship; B is usually in new key and mode for new emotion of the text
A1 means there is ornamentation put on the section |
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Term
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Definition
A primary formal structure of the baroque period; refers to the return of the group players; each section is a ritornello alternating between soloist and the group; usually a substantial one in the middle
First ritornello present all the motives outright, then soloist takes one and develops it,
Episodes have new material; interesting because of contrast; length not symmetric |
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Term
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Definition
A type of evening concert given in the church during Advent
It would have cycles of cantatas and oratorios
Bach attended one that influenced on his music and style |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as tragadie lyrique, a form from the ballets de cour
Lully in the court of Louis XIV made V act dramas combined serious plots from ancient myth or chivalric tales had frequent divetissments (long interludes of dancing or choral singing)
Meant to glorify the king, plots depicted well ordered solciety, different from Italian opera because it was "restrained and elegant" did not have "empty virtuosity" |
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Term
Sonata da camera,
Sonata da chiesa |
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Definition
Both forms use dance movements, though the Chiesa Sonata have no dance labels
Chiesa could be used in a church setting during a long mass, using organ, could be more polyphonic and contrapuntal to be more serious, while camera had the bass scored for one instrument either chordal or melodic
Instrumental composition in the Baroque period, generally of four movements |
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Term
Simple recitative,
measured recitative |
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Definition
As other recit., it moves the action forward in an opera. French especially, as the language had to be fit; it is a much "smoother" language than Italian
Simple recit. Had frequent meter changes, to follow the text, and had straight forward accompaniment.
Measured recit. Had a more steady meter, and the accompaniment is much more active |
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Definition
Lully developed the style in the ballet de cour, but it became fully devoped in his opera
Had two sections, a slow opening and a faster polyphic section, closing with brief return to the slower section, making
Had a great influence on European musical style |
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Term
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Definition
A collection of dance-like keyboard compositions meant for amateurs who played for family and friends
The movements were in binary form, except for the prelude and chaconne
Had many unwritten ornaments assumed by the performer |
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Term
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Definition
Established by Handel in England to produce opera seria
Failed after nine years, when it had a royal charter to last 25
Rival groups, such as Opera of the Nobility, challenged it. It's failure lead to Handels production of oratorios. |
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Term
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Definition
Workplace of Antonio Vivaldi, where he would teach violin and compose for the orphans who lived there
Women had to perform behind a curtain because they thought it was vulgar otherwise.
Premiered many of his works here; because of the demand, he wrote many concertos, as seen in his rep. |
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Term
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Definition
A group of amateur musicians (mostly uni students) in German speaking countries during
Bach and Telemann lead one in Leipzig
They would perform secular music in public, for pleasure; focused on instrumental music; began German concert music |
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Term
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Definition
A instrumental piece played by four musicians
Flexible instrumentation, though had two treble (violin), 1 bass (cello, bassoon, usw), and basso continuo (harpsichord for camera and organ for chiesa)
Like all sonata, used dance movements and could be fugal and contrapuntal |
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Term
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Definition
Two styles of the French Keyboard Suite Prelude
Lute style is individual notes played around a string; it is heavily ornamented
Broken style is the same term, though meant for keyboard. Ornaments helped create the illusion tha the instrument is sustaining a sound. |
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Definition
This cantata form was sacred, and popularized by Neumeister and his model; Bach's cantatas often followed his model.
It had operatic influence, like the oratorio; had both recitative
Lutheran church goers liked this method of teaching church beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
Armide Overture
Opera
Binary
Bombastic opening to glorify the king. Dotted rhythm and restrained, lilting feeling in the strings shows evidence of French court music. |
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Term
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Definition
Armide Act II, Scene 5
Opera
Recitative and Air
Percussive intro, female soloist, singing in French. Orchestration fits with French opera. |
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Term
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Definition
Suite in A Minor, prelude
Keyboard Suite
Unmeasured Prelude
Solo harpsichord. Free tempo. Extremely ornamented, suggestive of improvization, written in Lute style. Characteristic of French Keyboard Prelude in the Court of Louis XIV. |
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Term
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Definition
Dido and Aeneas, "Thy Hand, Belinda"
Opera
Recitative
Opening shows a simple recitative style. The vocalist is female, and singing in English. |
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Term
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Definition
Dido and Aeneas, "When I am laid in (the) earth"
Opera
Ground Bass Aria
Descending bass line, with chromaticisms to increase dramatic tension. Plenty of appogituras. Singing in English. |
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Term
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Definition
Clori vezzosa, e bella
Cantata
Recitative and da Capo Aria
Solo voice in Italian over a continuo, unmeasured
allowing freedom of rhythm and expression. |
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Term
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Definition
Trio Sonata op. 3, no. 2, Grave
Sonata da chiesa
Trio Sonata-Through Composed
Continuo and strings. Slow tempo. Walking bass. Prelude-type movement |
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Term
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Definition
Trio Sonata op. 3, no. 2, Allegro
Sonata da Chiesa
Trio Sonata-Fugal
Heavily Contrapuntal, all strings |
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Term
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Definition
Praeludium in E Major BuxWV 141
Organ Prelude
Tocatta
Organ is the biggest cue; sounds improvised, free flowing. |
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Term
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Definition
Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in A Minor, op. 3 no. 6, I Allegro
Violin Concerto
Ritornello
Strings and continuo, driving forward sound; repeated notes at the intro. Violin is featured above the rest of the ensemble. |
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Term
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Definition
25th Ordre, La visionaire
Keyboard
Suite
Binary
Full harpsichord sound, not as improvisatory sounding as de la Guerre |
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Term
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Definition
Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 62
Cantata
Chorale motet and ritornello
Strong dramatic opening with oboes and, contrapuntal, constant rhythm in bass. |
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Definition
Giulio Ceare Act II Scenes 1-2
Opera
Reciative and Da Capo Aria
Sung in italian; high tenor voice coming in before female voice. Obviously operatic from orchestration. |
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