Term
|
Definition
- Marketable crop
- John Rolfe - 1611
- 1620 - exporting 40K lbs
- Late 20's - 1.5 million lbs
- |
|
|
Term
| Indentured Servitude - Page 39,71,98-99 |
|
Definition
| ***A person who came to America under contract to work for another over a period of time usually 7 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Malaria - Typhoid and sysentery
- 40% didnt survive long enough to be free
- life spam of 20 years in Virginia for servants
- If you survived - real possibility of advancement |
|
|
Term
| Mayflower Compact - Page 43 |
|
Definition
| Signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States. The compact was drafted to prevent dissent amongst Puritans and non-separatist Pilgrims who had landed at Plymouth a few days earlier. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ***(DR)Group of people leaving England in search of religious freedom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elected governor October 1629
Continued in one leadership post or another for next 20yrs till his death |
|
|
Term
| Massacusetts Bay Colony - Page 82 |
|
Definition
1629 - Congregationalists
Hoped to reform church from within
Charles I more hostile to Puritans than James I
Increasingly convinced religious freedom was at risk in their homeland
Puritan Merchants obtain royal charter and set up Massachusetts Bay Company
Remained committed to the goal of reforming the Church of England
But convinced that the goal could only be achieved in America
Moved HQ of Mass. Bay Co. to New England
No longer answerable to anyone in England! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ***(DR) Group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More substantial challenge to Puritans
Skilled medical practitioner, tending to women in her home
Daughter of a minister and trained by her father
Preaching “covenant of grace” to women in her home
Accused of preaching heresy – dangerous challenge to Puritan Orthodoxy
Banished and eventually killed by Indians
Her death was proof of her wickedness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Separatist who migrated in 1631 who quickly ran afoul of the Puritan orthodoxy
Questioned idea of King of England granting land already occupied by Indians
Believed the church and state should be separate
Puritans shouldn’t impose beliefs on others
October 1635, convicted and banished, founded Providence
Eventually would become the religiously tolerant colony of Rhode Island in 1636 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Halfway Covenant - Page 66 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Between 1492 -1700 – more Africans than Europeans came to the New World
However, only 4.5% coming to the English Colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles I - Page 33,34,44 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stono rebellion - Page 78 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Examining nature in order to determine the laws governing the Universe
Experimentation and abstract reasoning used to discover the principles behind phenomena
Planetary motion, behavior of falling objects, characteristics of light and sound
Above all – Knowledge through reason and the challenging of previously unchallenged assumptions!
Supplied well-to-do people in America and Europe with a common vocabulary
And common purpose – The use of reason to make sense of God’s creation
Other philosophers will alter conception on government and the rights of man! |
|
|
Term
| Great Awakening - Page 110-11, 131 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Navigation Acts - Page 80-81,133-134,141 |
|
Definition
1) All trade between England and Colonies must be on English or Colonial built ships, owned and operated by Englishmen
2) All European imports to the colonies must go through England, subject to English taxation duties
3) Certain “enumerated goods” must go only to England
Wool, sugar, tobacco, indigo, ginger
Later added rice, copper, furs and naval supplies such as masts, tar, pitch, and turpentine
Colonial products not allowed to compete with English goods
such as wool clothing, hats and iron
Customs office established in 1671 |
|
|
Term
| Enumerated goods - Page 80-108 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Assumptions
Competing nations
Fixed amount of resources and wealth
One gains---another loses!
Goal of Self-Sufficiency and maintenance of a favorable balance of trade
Colonies key to this
Raw materials
Markets
Capital |
|
|
Term
| Bacon's revolution - Page 81-82 |
|
Definition
| Leads to Rebellion and Native American attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disposition of land
Indian Uprisings and Vigilantism – Too much instability!
Proclamation of 1763
Drew a line on the map; no settlement beyond it!
Outlaw the purchase of Indian land
Problems of existing claims, settlers, speculators
British say – “go to Florida or Canada?” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attack by Pennsylvania frontiersmen upon an Indian settlement that occurred in December 1763 during the Pontiac Indian uprising. About 57 drunken rangers from Paxton, Pa., slaughtered 20 innocent and defenseless Conestoga Indians near Lancaster, Pa. Governor John Penn thereupon issued proclamations ordering the local magistrates to arrest and try those men involved in the massacre. Since the residents of that frontier area were sympathetic to the actions of the Paxton Boys, however, no prosecutions were undertaken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads to Rebellion and Native American attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Governor
Needed to only consult with appointed council to make laws and levy taxes
He was jailed in April 1686 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sugar Act (1764) – aka Revenue Act
Halved the duties on sugar from the 1733 Act
Hoped drop in tax would make it more collectable
Accompanied by more concerted efforts to stamp out smuggling
Intent of the legislation made the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stamp Act (1765)
Based on an British tax
Tax on legal documents, newspapers, dice, playing cards…all printed material! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meeting that took place in NY that consisted of 9 colonies to discuss the stamp act and other governing issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virginia Stamp Act Resolves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consideration on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes on the British Colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania
Series of 12 letters published 1767-68
Printed in all but 4 colonial newspapers
Argued that the colonies were sovereign in their internal affairs
Reasserts the distinction between trade regulation and commercial taxation |
|
|
Term
| Declaratory Act - page 136-141 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(June 10, 1772)
British ship patrolling Rhode Island
Seizing ships and cargo for customs violations
Burnt to the waterline – no one saw a thing? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
British East India Company was in trouble
Boycotts had hurt business along with smuggled Dutch Tea into the colonies
Lots of members of Parliament were stock-holders
Grant them a monopoly
Ability to bypass British customs in London
Lowers prices – cheaper than smuggled tea
Townshend Tax still remains on tea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boston Tea Party - Page 142-143 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
March 1770
4 dead, 8 wounded
John Adams and Josiah Quincy Jr. defend soldiers
Try to avoid the soldiers becoming martyrs too
All but 2 acquitted – 2 branded on the thumb and released |
|
|
Term
| Non-Importation Associations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Just like an LLC
Example: If they had a 100 people to share the cost with so if the sail did not come back the person would not be out much money and would make money if it did come back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The First Crusade 1095-99 CE
Ends with siege and fall of Jerusalem 1099
Now What?
Second Crusade 1147-49
Emergence of Salah al-Din
Sultan of Egypt, consolidates power in Syria
Battle of Hattin – July 4th 1187
Less than 3000 Crusaders survive out of army of 20,000+
Jerusalem falls – October 2nd 1187
Third Crusade 1187–1192
Led by Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor |
|
|
Term
| Review the pre-historic peoples that populated the America's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the extraordinary epic account of the worst natural disaster in European history — a drama of courage, cowardice, misery, madness, and sacrifice that brilliantly illuminates humankind's darkest days when an old world ended and a new world was born.
Consequences
45% to 50% of the European population dead in a four-year period
Mediterranean Europe and Italy, the South of France and Spain, where plague ran for four years consecutively, it was probably closer to 70% to 75% of the population
Governments had no answer
Seemed end of the world was near
Severe cultural and religious impact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prince Henry the Navigator |
|
Definition
Bartholomew Diaz (1488)
Vasco de Gama (1498 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Columbus petitions Portuguese in 1484
Believed he had underestimated the circumference of the earth
Columbus believed the distance to the Indies to be no more than 3000 nautical miles
Able to convince the Spanish
Sets sail in August of 1492
After 33 days at sea…reaches land
On his deathbed in 1506, after 4 voyages…Columbus still believed he reached Cathay or the Indies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ponce de Leon
1513, Florida
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
1510-13, Across Panama into the Pacific
Francisco de Coronado
1540-42, Southwest US
Hernán de Soto
1539-42, US South
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
1542-43, California |
|
|
Term
| Columbian Exchange - Page 10-11 & 14-15 |
|
Definition
Europeans bring
Livestock – horses, cows, pigs, goats
Disease – small pox, measles, chicken pox
Hispaniola – 4million people in 1492
500 natives left alive in 1542
Impact?
Not just loss of population – loss of skills, history and oral tradition
Europeans gain
Maize, squash, beans, potatoes, tobacco and chocolate
Sugar cane, rice and coffee
Syphilis and Malaria
Price Revolution
1503-1650 – 35 million pounds of silver, and over 400,000 pounds of gold exported to Spain
Affect on the Spanish Economy?
Iberian ports replace Italian as main European import center
Portugal for African and Asian products
Spain for New World products
Final Irony of Columbus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 1585
- Roankoke Colony (present day North Carolina
- 108 setlers set off
- encounter problems with Natives
- Drake stops by 1586 most choose to leave
- 1587 - John White goes back with settlers
- supply ship doesnt make it back til 1590
- Everyone gone "Coatoan" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(present day North Carolina)
108 settlers set off
Encounter problems with Natives
Drake stops by 1586 most choose to leave
1587 – Jon White goes back with settlers
Supply ship doesn’t make it back till 1590
Everyone gone: “Coatoan” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Virgina Company set up in 1606
- Settled 1607- 104 men and boys
-Ill prepared and unlucky
- 38 if 104 alive in 1608 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Headright System - Page 39 |
|
Definition
- A 50 acre lot for which they paid only a small annual rent
- Adventurers were granted additional headrights for each servant they brought to the colony. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
London - was a joint stock company chartered by King James I in 16060 to establish a colony in North America
- reforms
- headright system
- 50 acres fir each paid settler brought to Virginia
- House of Burgesses |
|
|
Term
| Glorious Revolution - Page 35,86,82-84,85,86 |
|
Definition
James II decreed to have abdicated
Parliament offers throne to his daughter, Mary and her husband, William of Orange – under a few conditions
Affirms the supremacy of Parliament and the Protestant religion
“Bill of Rights” - An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown
Colonial reaction?
New York, Maryland and Massachusetts?
However, William and Mary saw things similar to James II
Continue push for tighter control under the ideas of Mercatilism! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Known for the many wives
(r.1509-47) & the English Reformation
Married Catherine, Anne,Jane,Anne, Catherine, Catherine
Three kids: Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther - Page 23,24,25 |
|
Definition
- 95 theses - 1517
- challenged the teaching os the church on the nature of penance, the athority of the pope and the usefullness of indulgences
- one man and his bible able to find salvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Created the religion of Calvinists
- Settled in Geneva in the 1530's
- Took Luthers doctrine of salvation to its logical end
- No salvation through good works...then no certainty of salvation at all
- Doctrine of Predestination
- Elect - chosen by go even before the creation of world
- constantly searching for clues and signs of salvation
- Rigid discipline and at times paraonia results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Arrive in Quebec 1635
- Learn native languages and move out into wilderness
- Trained in thetoric and literacy, able to predict solar and lunar events
- Desire to learn literacy was the key to native adoption of Jesuit message |
|
|
Term
| Powhatan Confederacy - Page 38 |
|
Definition
- Six Algonquian villages and outlyingtribes
- View euros as allies
- good source of guns and knives for excess food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
