Term
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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Definition
| Economic measure of a country’s national income and output within a year; reflects the market value of goods and services produced within the country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule which protects all individually identifiable health information held or transmitted by a covered entity or its business associate, in any form or media, whether electronic, paper, or oral. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term coined to reflect the findings of a research study that demonstrated that change in employee behavior occurs as a result of being observed. |
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Definition
| (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Response) Approach designed to improve communication among health care personnel and improve patient safety. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tool that is frequently used to conduct environmental assessments. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. |
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Term
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Definition
| View that in bureaucratic organizations, employees prefer security, direction, and minimal responsibility; coercion, threats, or punishment are necessary because people do not like the work to be done. |
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Term
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Definition
| View that in the context of the right conditions, people enjoy their work, they can show self-control and discipline, are able to contribute creatively and are motivated by ties to the group, the organization, and the work itself; belief that people are intrinsically motivated by their work. |
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Definition
| View of collective decision making and a focus on long-term employment that involves less direct supervision. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of employee absences from work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Centralized decision-making style with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Device used to monitor customer perspectives; financial perspectives; internal processes and human resources; and learning and growth (Kaplan & Norton, 2004) for strategic management and as a way to examine performance throughout the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Point at which income and expenses are equal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plan that provides formal quantitative expression for acquiring and distributing funds over the ensuing time period (generally one year) |
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Term
| bureaucratic organization |
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Definition
| Hierarchy with clear superior-subordinate communication and relationships, based on positional authority, in which orders from the top are transmitted down through the organization via a clear chain of command. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed health care fee paid by the patient to the health care provider at the time of service; this amount is paid in addition to the money the health care provider will receive from the insurance company. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influence in the form of ability to administer punishment or take disciplinary actions against others to influence them to change their behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interactive process that occurs when a person (the sender) sends a verbal or nonverbal message to another person (the receiver) and receives feedback. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which nurses are connected with others having power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Style that acknowledges that other factors in the environment influence outcomes as much as leadership style and that leader effectiveness is contingent upon or depends upon something other than the leader's behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of assigning financial charges from one cost center to another cost center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Within highly reliable systems in a unique teamwork culture. Is the result of shared values and behaviors that demonstrate communications based on mutual trust, agreement on importance of safety, and confidence in the ability to prevent errors through the use of known safety practices (Kemper & Boyle, 2009) |
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Term
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Definition
| A predetermined out-of-pocket fee paid by a patient for health care services before reimbursement through health insurance begins to be paid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Style in which participation is encouraged and authority is delegated to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is directly related to patient care within a manager’s unit, such as the cost of nurses’ wages and the cost of patient care supplies. |
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Term
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Definition
| System of coordinated health care interventions and communications for populations with conditions in which patient self-care is significant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is based on three general premises: (1) scarcity—resources exist in finite quantities, and consumption demand is typically greater than resource supply; (2) choice—decisions are made about which resources to produce and consume among many options; and (3) preference—individual and societal values and preferences influence the decisions that are made. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a component of leadership and refers to the capacity for recognizing your own feelings and those of others, for motivating yourself, and for managing emotions well in yourself and in your relationships. |
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Term
| employee-centered leadership |
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Definition
| Style with a focus on the human needs of subordinates. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organization of any size, established as a business venture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power derived from the knowledge and skills nurses possess. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influences originating outside the organization, for example, the labor force and the economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the clinician’s inability to save a patient’s life when the patient experiences complications. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expenses that are constant and are not related to productivity or volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small groups of individuals selected because of a common characteristic (for example, a specific patient population, patients in day surgery, new diabetics, and so on) who are invited to meet in a group and respond to questions about a topic in which they are expected to have interest or expertise. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a person is in a position of authority or in a sanctioned role within an organization that connotes influence. |
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Term
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Definition
| The space between where the organization is and where it wants to be. |
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Term
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Definition
| An assessment of the differences between expected magnet requirements and the organization’s current performance on those requirements. |
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Term
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Definition
| An informal communication channel where information moves quickly and is often inaccurate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenomonon that occurs when the desire for harmony and consensus overrides members’ rational efforts to appraise the situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to discover information about health care costs, medical errors, or practice preferences, preferably before receiving the service; also known as truth in reporting. |
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Term
| high quality-of-work-life environments |
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Definition
| A type of work environment in which the quality of the human experience in the workplace meets and surpasses employee expectations. |
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Term
| high-performance organization |
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Definition
| An organization that operates in a way that brings out the best in people and produces sustainable high performance over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is not explicitly related to care within a manager’s unit but is necessary to support care. The costs of electricity, heat, air conditioning, and maintenance of the facility are all considered indirect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual who demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group, rather than as the head or leader of the group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nurses who influence others with the information they provide to the group are using information power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Style that involves an emphasis on the work to be done, a focus on the task and production. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual’s knowledge, skills, and abilities that have value and portability in a knowledge economy. |
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Term
| interpersonal communication |
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Definition
| Concerned with communication between individuals. |
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Term
| intrapersonal communication |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How organizational members feel about their job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Style that focuses on schedules, cost, and efficiency with less attention to developing work groups and high-performance goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health care professionals who are well educated and technologically savvy and see themself as owning their intellectual capital. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive and permissive style in which the leader defers decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and credibility of the leader. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of influence whereby the leader influences others toward goal achievement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power derived from the position a nurse holds in a group; it indicates the nurse’s degree of authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| High-quality health care organizations that have met the rigorous nursing excellence requirements as determined by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and that are a supportive and collegial practice setting that incorporates principles of organizational behavior to achieve positive individual, group, and organizational outcomes. |
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Term
| maintenance or hygiene factors |
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Definition
| Elements such as salary, job security, working conditions, status, quality of supervision, and relationships with others that prevent job dissatisfaction (Herzberg, 1968). |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Function of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process of creating a product or health care service for patients which uses the four Ps of marketing: Patient, Product, Price, and Placement, to place desirable health care services or products in desirable locations at a price that benefits both patients and the health care facility. |
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Term
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Definition
| A formal expression of the purpose or reason for existence of the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whatever influences our choices and creates direction, intensity, and persistence in our behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the opportunity for development that contribute to job satisfaction (Herzberg, 1968). |
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Term
| nursing-sensitive indicators |
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Definition
| Measures that reflect the outcome of nursing action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Entities that must interact with the environment to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A coordinated and deliberately structured social entity consisting of two or more individuals functioning on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a predetermined set of goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of human behavior in organizations. |
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Term
| organizational commitment |
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Definition
| How committed or loyal employees feel to the goals of the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mix of deep underlying assumptions, beliefs, and values that are shared by members of an organization and typically operate unconsciously. |
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Term
| organizational effectiveness |
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Definition
| An organization’s sustainable high performance in accomplishing its mission and objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The end result or care or experimentation. |
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Term
| patient classification system (PCS) |
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Definition
| System for distinguishing among different patients based on their acuity, functional ability, or need for nursing care in order to predict staffing needs and the cost of nursing care. |
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Term
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Definition
| The provider (nurse or physician) is not the payer, nor is the patient (buyer) who is using the hospital or treatment the payer. The actual payer is the third-party reimburser (insurance company or government). |
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Term
| philosophy of an organization |
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Definition
| A value statement of the principles and beliefs that direct an organization’s behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the number of voices supporting or opposing an issue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which people use a variety of methods to achieve their goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Degree of formal authority and influence associated with the leader. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to create, get, and use resources to achieve one’s goals. |
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Term
| preferred provider organization (PPO) |
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Definition
| A PPO generally consists of a hospital and a number of practitioner providers. The PPO contracts with health care providers (both practitioners and hospitals) and payers (self-insured employers, insurance companies, or managed care organizations) to provide health care services to a defined population for predetermined fixed fees. Discount rates may be negotiated with the providers in return for expedited claims payment and a somewhat predictable market share. In the PPO model, patients have a choice of using PPO or non-PPO providers; however, financial incentives are built in to encourage utilization of PPO providers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of causes and conditions that repeatedly come together in a series of steps to transfer inputs into outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quantity and quality of output an employee generates for an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simply tweak the existing health care structure and processes (despite the latter’s claim to turn organizations upside down and inside out through fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical performance). |
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Term
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Definition
| Power derived from how much others respect and like any individual, group, or organization. |
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Term
| relative valve unit (RVU) |
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Definition
| Is an index number assigned to various health care services based on the relative amount of resources (labor and capital) used to produce the service. |
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Term
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Definition
| People, money, facilities, technology, and rights to properties, services, and technologies. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to reward others to influence them to change their behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of conscious and unconscious factors that allow an individual to influence others to do as the individual wants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provider, employer, customer, patient, or payer who may have an interest in, and seek to influence, the decisions and actions of an organization, for example, competitors, suppliers, government, and regulatory agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic consideration of all potential stakeholders to ensure that the needs of each of these stakeholders are incorporated in the planning phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum total or outcome of the processes by which an organization engages in environmental analysis, goal formulation, and strategy development with the purpose of organizational growth and renewal. |
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Term
| substitutes for leadership |
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Definition
| Variables that may influence or have an effect on followers to the same extent as the leader’s behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves the degree that work is defined, with specific procedures, explicit directions and goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that orders principles into a grouping or classification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on organizational operations and short-term goals. They use exchange and making trades as a way of accomplishing work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of employees who resign divided by the total number of employees during the same time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Costs that vary with volume and that will increase or decrease depending on the number of patients. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Group that represents the same political position or perspective. |
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