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| Establish March 1865 right after the civil war by congress. It distributed food to ex-slaves, gave some modest educational opportunities, and created some limited means for blacks to get land. The freedman's bureau set out to give "40-acres and a mule", but the effort was short lived and only about 30-40000 blacks gained land from program, and the land that was gained Johnson took back in his pardon |
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| Idea of a system in which all countries traded with one another, without barriers or tariffs. American leaders believed, would lead to peace and prosperity and especially turn US into most powerful economic country on the globe because of its industrial output and trade |
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| protest in Chicago in early May. Led by socialist and German Socialist, over 80,000 workers met in Haymarket square on May 1st. On May 3rd a fight broke out between picketers and scabs resulting in police shooting and killing 2 unarmed workers and beating many others. Labor radicals called for a huge strike the next day but it was low in attendance due to bad weather and poor planning. Before the rally started police rushed in to 'bust heads' and a bomb exploded killing one officer. The cops became extremely violent and began shooting wildly, even at each other. Chicago demanded justice and sentenced eight labor leaders, without any evidence they had involvement with the bomb, to the death penalty. 4 where hanged, 1 committed suicide, and the other 3 were pardoned years later. |
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| passed in June 1917 by congress. Act made it a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for up to 30 years for anyone interfering with success of armed forces. Most Americans consented to the suppression of their civil rights with passage of Espionage Act further extending the powers of the government to intervene in private lives of citizens |
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| Fought American Marines for 10 years in the phillippines for independence killing 10,000 US troops and losing over 200,000 of his own troops, but within a decade the US had established colonial control there. Praised by Mark Twain |
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| created the term the gilded age to describe the era after the civil war. Twain called it the gilded age because it deceived the viewer that something is valuable when it is not, just like gilded jewlery. While capitalism was creating great production and wealth, twain saw the impact it was making on workers lives and attacked it. The media and others provided gild for this rotting economic structure, Twain told americans |
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| Was a progressive socialist, and one of americas most famous radical labor leaders. He was the embodiment of American socialism during progressive era. He was an idefatigable spolesman for the issues of the ordinary working man. Arrested and sentenced to 10 years under provisions of the espionage act, following a speech he made in ohio urging resistance to the draft. Debs said that master-class always brought on war for its own gain, while subject-class had all to lose especially their lives. |
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| ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, oftwn with assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress a s superior groups out-compete inferior ones |
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| Was a major cause of the stock-market crash and resulted is liquidity crisis. Rather than putting money back into their own businesses, the main outlet for surplus capital became speculation investing |
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| American farmers produced crops in massive quantities, and had a natural outlet for sales in Europe who's agricultural industry was virtually destroyed in the war, but by late 1920's European agriculture recovered, and Americans now have too many crops. So farm prices and incomes dropped and farmers began to grow more, hoping to sell more, thus contributing the overproduction problem |
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| The purpose of this act was to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific report. This act applied to goods shipped in foreign or interstate commerce. |
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| 1906 he wrote The Jungle, which he addressed many of the central problems of American life in the industrial age. He became an almost comical archetypal representative of the reforminded American elite. He embraced progressisim from the motivation of improving lives of others. Part of the muckraker generation |
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| 1925 John Thomas Scopes violated Tennessee stat law (the butler act) by teaching evolution in a statefunded high shcool, scopes was convicted but the verdict was later reversed. William Jennings Bryan spoke against Scopes for prosecution and Clarence Darrow defended Scopes |
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| United states supreme court ruling that upheld a stature instituting compulsory sterilization of the mentally retarded "for the protection and health of the state". It was largely seen as an endorsement of negative eugenics- the pseudoscience to improve the human race by eliminating "defectives" from the gene pool. |
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| During the late 1900's he studied experimented with, and wrote about the theory of work. His goal was to find ways of controlling the motions of workers so as to attain the highest possible output for every dollar spent on wages. For him there was an enormous problem afflicting modern society: workers didnt work hard enough and he called this laziness: soldiering. He envisioned perfectly harmonios social order where all workers were employed in occupations where they could work most-efficiently |
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| Was a pioneer in modern propoganda methods. He conducted highly effective campaigns to publicize the "communist threat" bringing journalist to Guatamala on fact-finding junkets and presenting them with UFCO's version of political reality there. He helped make the argument that land reform program was a threat to American interest |
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| Spellbinding orator who attacked oil companies generally and standard oil specifically for the exploitive nature of their practices, taking wealth out of a very poor state. He came up with a plan called "Share our Wealth" which claimed 7.5 million members. This plan called for every worker to get guaranteed yearly income and every farmer a homestead. |
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