Term
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Definition
scientific method
A way to answer questions that
requires empirical research and
data-based conclusions. |
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Term
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Definition
The repetition of a study, using different
participants. |
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Term
| five basic steps of the scientific method: |
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Definition
1. Begin with curiosity. On the basis of theory, prior research, or a personal observation,
pose a question.
2. Develop a hypothesis. Shape the question into a hypothesis, a specific prediction
that can be tested.
3. Test the hypothesis. Design and conduct research to gather empirical evidence (data).
4. Draw conclusions. Use the evidence to support or refute the hypothesis.
5. Report the results. Share the data and conclusions, as well as alternative explanations.
Each new finding extends or clarifies earlier work. |
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Term
| The science of human development |
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Definition
seeks to understand how and why people—all
kinds of people, everywhere, of every age—change over time. Developmentalists recognize
that growth is multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic. |
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Term
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Definition
A general term for the traits, capacities,
and limitations that each individual
inherits genetically from his or her
parents at the moment of conception. |
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Term
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Definition
A general term for all the environmental
influences that affect development
after an individual is conceived. |
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Term
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Definition
A time when a particular type of
developmental growth (in body or
behavior) must happen if it is ever
going to happen. |
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Term
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Definition
A time when a certain type of development
is most likely to happen or
happens most easily, although it may
still happen later with more difficulty.
For example, early childhood is considered
a sensitive period for language
learning. |
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Term
| DOMAINS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT |
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Definition
1 Biosocial
Development
2 Cognitive
Development
3 Psychosocial
Development |
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Term
|
Definition
Includes all the growth and change
that occur in a person’s body and
the genetic, nutritional, and health
factors that affect that growth and
change. Motor skills—everything
from grasping a rattle to driving a
car—are also part of the biosocial
domain. In this book, this domain is
called biosocial, rather than
physical or biological. |
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Term
|
Definition
Includes all the mental processes
that a person uses to obtain
knowledge or to think about the
environment. Cognition encompasses
perception, imagination,
judgment, memory, and language
—the processes people use to think,
decide, and learn. Education—not
only the formal curriculum in schools
but also informal learning—is part
of this domain as well. |
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Term
| Psychological development |
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Definition
Includes development of emotions,
temperament, and social skills.
Family, friends, the community,
the culture, and the larger society
are particularly central to the
psychosocial domain. For example,
cultural differences in “appropriate”
sex roles or in family structures are
part of this domain. |
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Term
|
Definition
An approach to the study of human
development that takes into account
all phases of life, not just childhood or
adulthood. |
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Term
The life-span perspective notes that development throughout
life is |
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Definition
(1) multidirectional, (2) multicontextual, (3) multicultural, (4) multidisciplinary,
and (5) plastic |
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Term
|
Definition
A group defined by the shared age of
its members, who, because they were
born at about the same time, move
through life together, experiencing the
same historical events and cultural
shifts. |
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