Wounded Bison, Altamira, Spain. ca. 15,000-10,000 BCE

Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux, Dordogne, France, ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE

Rhinoceros, wounded man, disemboweled bison (hunting scene?), Lascaux, ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE

Axial Gallery (including the Chinese Horse), Lascaux, ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE.

Bear, Recess of the Bears, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche Gorge, France. ca. 30,000– 28,000 BCE

Human with Feline Head, from Hohlenstein-Stadel (Baden-Württemberg), Germany, ca. 30,00-28,000 BCE. Mammoth ivory (carved with flint then polished with an iron ore). 11.5” high. Ulma Museum, Ulm, Germany.

Horse, from Vogelherd Cave, Germany, ca. 28,000 BCE. Mammoth ivory. 2” high. Insitut für Urgeschichte, Univeritât Tübingen

Hand dots in the Brunel Chamber at Chauvet Cave, France, ca. 30,000–28,000 BCE

Spear Thrower with Interlocking Ibexes, Grotte d’Enlène, Ariège, France, ca. 16,000 BCE. Reindeer antler, 3.5 x 2. 75”. Musé de l’Homme, Paris.

Two Bison, cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert, France, ca. 13,000 BCE. Clay. Each bison measures approx. 2’ long.

Bison with Turned Head, from La Madeleine (Dordogne), France, ca. 12,000 BCE. Reindeer antler, 4” long.

Woman (Venus) of Willendorf, from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE. Limestone with traces of ochre, 4 3/8” high. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.

House at Mezhirich, Ukraine. 16,000-10,000 BCE. Mammoth bone.

Stone tower built into settlement wall, Jericho, ca. 7500 BCE.

Human skull, plaster, shell inlay. From Jericho, ca. 7000 BCE. Archaeological Museum, Amman.

Human Figures, from Ain Ghazal, Jordan, ca. 6750-6250 BCE, plaster over bound reeds (pupils = black bitumen over cowrie shell). Varying heights up to 3’. Department of Antiquities, Amman.

Animal Hunt, Restoration 

of Main Room, Shrine 

A.III.1,Çatal Hüyük, ca. 

6000 BCE.  Wall painting 

(reconstruction after 

Mellaart).*

View of Town and Volcano, Shrine VII.14, watercolor copy of wall painting from Level VII, Çatal Hüyük, ca. 6000 BCE.

Female and Male figures, from Cernavoda, Romania, ca. 3500 BCE. Ceramic, height 4 1⁄2”. Found in a tomb; now in National Museum of Antiquities, Bucharest.

House at Skara Brae, Orkney, Scotland, ca. 3100-2600 BCE.

Stonehenge, ca. 2100 BCE. Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England.

“White Temple” at Uruk (present-day Warka; biblical Erech; 

home to Gilgamesh), Iraq, ca. 3500-3000 BCE (dedicated to 

sky god, Anu?).  Whitewashed brick.*

Female head (Inanna/Ishtar, 

goddess of love and war?), 

from Uruk (temple to 

Inanna?), ca. 3200-3000 BCE, 

8” high.  Limestone (originally 

mixed media - shell, wood, 

gold, etc).  Iraq Museum, 

Baghdad.*

Statues from the Abu Temple (cella?), Tell Asmar, Iraq.  ca. 2700-2500 

BCE.  Limestone, alabaster, gypsum inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and 

black limestone.  Iraq Museum, Baghdad.*

Goat in Thicket (Ram and Tree), one of the pair from the Great Death Pit in the Royal Cemetery of Ur, Muqaiyir, Iraq. ca. 2600 BCE. Gold, lapis lazuli, shell, limestone. University Museum, University of PA, Philadelphia.

Royal Standard of Ur (War and Peace sides), from tomb 779, Royal 

Cemetery, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2600 BCE.  Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, 

red limestone.  8” x 1’7”. (now in the British Museum, London).*

Bull Lyre, from tomb of Queen Pu-abi (Muqaiyir), Iraq, ca. 2600 BCE. Gold leaf and lapis lazuli over (modern) wooden support. 5’ 5” high. University Museum, University of PA

Head of an Akkadian Ruler, from Nineveh (Kuyunjik), Iraq, ca. 2250-2200 BCE, cast copper, 12” high. Iraq Museum, Bagdad.

Victory stele of Naram-Sin (r. 

2254-2218 BCE), from Susa, Iran, 

2254-2218 BCE.  Pink sandstone, 

6’ 6” high.  Louvre, Paris.*

Great Ziggurat of King Urnammu, Ur, Muqaiyir, Iraq. ca. 2100 BCE. Dedicated to moon god Nanna.

Head of Gudea, from Lagash 

(Telloh), Iraq.  ca. 2100 BCE.  

Diorite, 9 1/8” high.  

Museum of Fine Arts, 

Boston.*

Seated Statue of Gudea of Lagash Holding a Temple Plan, from Girsu (Telloh), Iraq. ca. 2100 BCE. Diorite, approx. 29” high. Louvre, Paris.

Stele with Law Code of Hammurabi, from 

Susa, Iran, ca. 1760 BCE.  Black basalt, 7’ 4” 

high.  Louvre, Paris.*

Lion Gate, Hattusa, present-day Bogazköy, Turkey, 

ca. 1400 BCE. (lions ca. 7’ tall).

Babylonian deed of sale. ca. 1750 BCE.The British Museum, London.

Marble cylinder seal, Priest-king feeding sacred sheep, from vicinity of Uruk (Warka), Iraq, ca. 3300 BCE. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Vorderasiatisches Museum.

Plan of the Citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin, Iraq (ancient Assyria) 

ca. 721-705 BCE (after Charles Altman).  Approx. 1 square mile.

Lamassu (winged, human-headed 

bull), from the Gate of the Citadel 

of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin 

(Khorsabad), Iraq.  ca. 742-706 

BCE.  Limestone, 13’ 10” high.  

Louvre, Paris.

Fugitives Crossing River, relief from Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud 

(Calah), Iraq, ca. 883-859 BCE.  Gypsum (calcium sulfate ~ plaster), ~ 39” high (now in 

British Museum).

Ishtar Gate, Babylon, Iraq, ca. 575 BCE. Glazed brick. Staatliche Museen, Berlin.

Phoenician ivory plaque 

depicting a winged sphinx, 

found at Fort 

Shalmaneser, Nimrud 

(ancient Kalhu of 

Assyria), northern Iraq.  

ca. 8th c. BCE.  British 

Museum, London.*

The Temple of Solomon (reconstruction - destroyed under Nebuchadnezzar II 

ca. 587 BCE), Temple Mount, Jerusalem, ca. 457-450 BCE.*

Painted beaker with Mountain Goat, 

from Susa, ca. 4000 BCE.  11 1/4” 

high.  Glazed pottery.  Louvre, Paris.*

Palace of Darius and Xerxes, Persepolis, 518-460 BCE.

Achaemenid rhyton, 5th-3rd c. 

BCE.  Gold.  Archaeological 

Museum, Tehran, Iran.

Bull capital, from 

Persepolis, ca. 500 BCE.  

Louvre, Paris.*

Darius and Xerxes Giving Audience, ca. 490 BCE.  Limestone 

(originally painted).  8’ 4” high.  Archaeological Museum, 

Tehran, Iran.*

Palace of Shapur I, Ctesiphon, Iraq, 242-272 CE.

Peroz I (457–483) or Kavad I hunting rams. 5th–6th century CE.

People, boats, and animals. First example of Egyptian decorated tomb chamber from late predynastic period. From Tomb 100 (no longer preserved) at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. Now in Egyptian Museum, Cairo. ca. 3000 BCE.

Palette of King Narmer 

(front), from Hierakonpolis, 

Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 

3150-3125 BCE.  Slate, 25” 

high.  Egyptian Museum, 

Cairo

Imhotep, Stepped Pyramid and funerary complex of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630- 2611 BCE.

[image]

Façade of North Palace of funerary complex of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Early Dynastic, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630-2611 BCE.

The pyramids of Menkaure (ca. 2533-2515 BCE), Khafra (ca. 2570-2544 BCE), and Khufu (ca. 2601- 2528 BCE), Fourth Dynasty, Giza, Egyp

Great Sphinx (pharaoh - Khafra or Khufu?  Associated with sun 

god Re), Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2570-2544 BCE.  

Sandstone, 65’ x 240’

Khafra enthroned, from 

Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth 

Dynasty, ca. 2500 BCE.   

Diorite, 5’ 6” high.  

Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

Menkaure and His Wife, Queen Khamerernebty II, from Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2515 BCE. Graywacke (very hard sandstone [your book says it’s slate]) with traces of paint, 4’ 6” high. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Prince Rahotep and his wife, Nofret , ca. 2580 BCE, painted limestone. 47 1/4”. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

Ti Watching a 

Hippopotamus Hunt, 

relief in mastaba of 

Ti, Saqqara, Egypt, 

Fifth Dynasty, ca. 

2510-2460 BCE.  

Painted limestone, ~4’ 

high.

Seated scribe, from Saqqara, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2400 BCE. Painted limestone, 1’ 9” high. Louvre, Paris.

Relief Panel of Hesy-ra, from Saqqara, ca. 2660 BCE, wood. 45”. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

Sculpture head of Senwosret III, ca. 1850 BCE, Twelfth Dynasty, red quarzite, 6 1/2” high. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

[image]

Lady Sennuwy, ca. 1920 BCE. Granite, 67 3/4” high. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Rock-cut tombs (BH 3-5), Beni Hasan, Egypt, ca. 1950-1900 BCE, 11th to 12th Dynasties.

Feeding the Oryxes. Tomb of Khnum-hotep, Beni Hasan, ca. 1928–1895 BCE. Wall painting (detail).

Female figurine, from Thebes, 12th-13th Dynasties, faience. British Museum, London. 3 1/3” high.

Pectoral of Mereret, from tomb in pyramid complex of Senwosret III 

at Dahshur. 12th Dynasty.

Kneeling figure of King Hatshepsut, 

from upper court of her 

mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, 

Egypt, ca. 1478-1458 BCE, 18th 

Dynasty.  Red granite, 8’ 6” high.  

Metropolitan Museum, NY

Senenmut with Princess Nefrua, 

from Thebes (possibly Temple 

at Karnak), Egypt, ca. 

1470-1460 BCE, 18th Dynasty.  

Granite, 3’ 1/2” high.  

Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.

Hypostyle hall of Temple of 

Amun-Ra, Karnak, Thebes. 

ca. 1290–1224 BCE, 19th 

Dynasty

Seti I’s Campaigns, exterior wall, north side of hippostyle, Temple of Amun-Re, Karnak, Egypt, ca. 1290-1224 BCE, 19th Dynasty.

Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt. ca. 1279-1213 BCE, 19th Dynasty. Sandstone, colossi ~70’ high.

 Interior of the temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt. ca. 1279-1213 BCE, 19th Dynasty. Sandstone atlantids 32’ high.

Queen Tiy (Akhenaton’s mother), from Kom Medinet el-Ghurab, Egpyt, ca. 1352 BCE, 18th Dynasty. Wood, with gold, silver, alabaster, lapis lazuli, 3 3/4” high. Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.

Frescoes (al secco) from Tomb of Nebamum, Thebes, ca. 1400-1350 BCE, 

18th Dynasty.  British Museum, London.

 Akhenaton, from the temple of Aton, Karnak, ca. 1353-1335 BCE, 18th Dynasty. Sandstone, ~13’ high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, sunken relief stele from Amarna, ca. 1355 BCE, 18th Dynasty. Limestone, 1’ 1/2” high. Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.

Thutmose? (sculptor), Queen Nefertiti (‘The Beautiful One’), from Amarna, ca. 

1353-1335 BCE, 18th Dynasty.  Painted limestone, 1’ 7” high.   Ägyptisches 

Museum, Berlin

Cover of the coffin of 

Tutankhamun, 18th Dynasty.  

Gold, ~72” long.  Egyptian 

Museum, Cairo

The Weighing of the Heart and Judgement by Osiris, from The Book of the Dead of Hunefer, 1285 BCE. Painted papyrus, 15 5/8” high. The British Museum, London.