Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
alteration of behavior. quiets and calms the patient.
awake, no analgesia, calm. implies calm, not sleepy like sedation. |
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Term
|
Definition
patient is awake, but is slightly depressed and sleepy.
decreased activity and excitement. implies sleepier than tranquilized. |
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Term
|
Definition
an/esthesia. without feeling or sensation. patient is
asleep, cannot be awakened (until drug wears off), has amnesia and loss
of reflexes |
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Term
|
Definition
| relief of pain without loss of consciousness |
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of memory - patient does not remember procedure |
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Term
|
Definition
| incoordination - stumbling gait, falling to side, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
greater depression than sedation. patient is asleep but can
be awakened. |
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Term
|
Definition
patient is asleep, can be awakened but goes back to sleep.
implies good analgesia |
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Term
|
Definition
period immediately preceding the induction of
anesthesia |
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Term
| pre-anesthetic medication |
|
Definition
“pre-op” - any drug given within 1 hour
before anesthesia |
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Term
|
Definition
a person, such as a nurse or technician, trained in the
administration of anesthetics – LVT |
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Term
|
Definition
a physician or veterinarian specializing in
anesthesiology – DVM |
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Term
|
Definition
a. explain procedure, anesthesia, and risks to owner.
b. release form - and get owner to sign a release form. |
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Term
| Features of General Anesthesia |
|
Definition
-unconsciousness
-analgesia
-amnesia
-muscle relaxation
-loss of reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-patient is awake
-requires restraint
-blocks feeling from large area of body
ex: epidural
-used more in humans, LA |
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Term
|
Definition
-local analgesia
-patient is awake
-requires restraint
-blocks feeling from small area of body
-usually injectable
-local infiltration
-may be in spray form or otherwise
applied topically |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-less stressful than general anesthesia
-names of most drugs used for this
purpose end in “-ocaine”
-lidocaine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-treat seizure in progress
-appetite stimulant in cats
-small dose IV
-behavior modification in dogs, cats, and people |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-drugs given before the general anesthetic drugs
so the animal is already under their effects when anesthesia begins |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for Use of Preanesthetic Drugs |
|
Definition
-tranquilize patient…
-reduce side effects…
salivation
bradycardia
arrhythmias
vomiting
-balanced anesthesia…
-analgesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
using several drugs in order to reduce dose of each
benefits - less side effects, earlier recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
some, not all, pre-op drugs are analgesic
help with catheterization
may provide post-op relief for short procedures |
|
|
Term
| Classes of Preanesthetic Drugs |
|
Definition
-anticholinergics…
-tranquilizers and sedatives
-phenothiazines…
-benzodiazepines…
-thiazine derivatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-parasympatholytics
-main examples
-atropine
-glycopyrrolate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mode of action…
-sympathetic effects…
-review of autonomic NS…
-parasympathetic receptors…
-action…
method of use…
atropine…
glycopyrrolate |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergics Sympathetic Effects |
|
Definition
anticholinergics have sympathetic effects
anti - against
cholinergic - acetylcholine
parasympathetic neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“fight or flight”
increase HR, RR, BP
decrease GI function
epinephrine, norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“rest and restore”
decrease HR, RR, BP
increase GI function
acetylcholine - Ach |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Receptors |
|
Definition
nicotinic receptors…
muscarinic receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in neural ganglia
groups of nerve cell bodies
between spinal cord and peripheral nerves
located in both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
also found at neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle cells
stimulation shows a wide variety of clinical signs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
at final terminals - at ends of nerves
on heart, GIT, bronchi, iris, salivary and tear glands, etc
typically located in neurons associated with parasympathetic nervous system
stimulation produces parasympathetic signs
slow HR, miosis, increased GI activity, etc |
|
|
Term
| Action - anticholinergic drugs |
|
Definition
block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors of parasympathetic NS
do not affect nicotinic receptors |
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|
Term
| Method of Use of Anticholinergics (administration) |
|
Definition
SQ - onset 20 minutes
IM - more rapid onset
IV - almost immediate onset - use with care
may mix with ace, ketamine, butorphanol
do not mix with diazepam
duration 60-90 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from European deadly nightshade plant Belladonna atropa
SA 0.5 mg / ml
LA 2.2 mg / ml |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks stimulation of vagus nerve…
reduces salivation…
reduces GI activity
mydriasis…
reduces tear secretions…
bronchodilation…
no analgesia |
|
|
Term
| Atropine blocks stimulation of the ________________ nerv |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Procedures that Stimulate the Vagus Nerve |
|
Definition
intubation
handling viscera
certain anesthetics
inhalation agents, xylazine, some opioids |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation |
|
Definition
bradycardia
reduced cardiac output (CO)
other increases in parasympathetic activity |
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