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| the generation after the new testament era, leaders claimed to be students of jesus' apolsles. |
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| "witness" dieing for faith |
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-attacked docetism
-Eucharist-coined term, REAL PRESENCE, not a symbol. "Medicine of immortality"
-used word "catholic--universal.
-Monarchial Epiccopate
-Martyrdom-ultimate wintess, poured out as offering of God. |
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Ignatius, Growing role of ONE bishop
-move away from collegial leadership
-centralized leadership to fight heritic divisions
- Where the bishop is, there is the church
-to protect orthodox, follow LEADER! |
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women martyr. from North Africa
-Father, pleaded for her to not be christian.
-just had child, god healed her of pain and breast feeding
-first brother-asked for visions from God-
-second bro- dinaocratis was seen in vision, telling them they must be martyrs
-Pitcher- anology for being a christian- what she is! |
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-title- the teaching of the 12 apostoles.
Way of death(hell) way of life (heaven)
-used sermon on mount matt. 5
-legalistic vision of mortality. |
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cold running (liveing) water
-practiacal not theological |
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if...
takes money
accepts food
or stays more than 3 days |
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| Following whole yoke of the lord in didache |
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| do the best you can- compared to jesus' be perfect" |
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an attempt to make elements of christanity compatible with greek culture and thought.
-continuing revalation- god spoke through NEw Test. writings and reaveled to them secrets.
BOUNDARIES DEFINED:
-thought there were 2 gods, dualism
-allegorized old testement
-docetic, polytheistism
--"Orthodoxy" was born out of this because church rejects above--> |
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| Gnostics combination of jewish, Hellenistic, and christian thought |
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Gnostics.
"seems"- christ seemed human but wasn't
only appeared to have flesh, or spirit left body before cross. |
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Gnostic.
matter=evil
spirit= good
can get the good out of the body by using secret knowledge that god tells them. |
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to know- a secret divine knowledge
salvation by KNOWLEDGE |
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| Concept and Role of Jesus for Gnostics |
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-bearer of Gnosis(special knowledge)
-docetic- only appeared to have flesh(b/c flesh =evil) |
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Gnostics.
-sophia story
-"fullness" |
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Gnostics.
Old testament God (Yahweh)
-lesser god who created evil world
-didn't belive that One true God of Jesus was creator.
-separated from creation (above)
-orthodox says creator is actually good. they think he was evil. |
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-Developed first closed canon
-only had Luke (b/c of paul)
-No JEWISH STUFF (OT)
dualism- belived old test and new test God's were different.
-Unlike Gnosistics, interpeted Old test literally, but said it had nothing to do with christ.
DEFINED BOUNDARIES:
-two gods rejected
-in reaction, church reaffirmed that the gospel was a fufullment of revaltion from creation, not totally new idea starting in new test(marcoin)
-foreced church to define the limits of scripture. |
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New Prophecy
-not docetic or polytheitic
-everexpanding canon |
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| Criticisms of Christianity and Church's response |
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-from Celsus
1) morla debasement-cannibalism (body blood)
2)social aloofness-kept to themselves
3)political reasons-no military, didn't sacrifice to emporers
4)Proselytism-propaganda to lower class, tearing apart fams.
RESPONSES:
1.Christ VS Culture.
-don't need pagan thought, will just polute (Tertulliam)
2.Christ OF Culture
-logos (Justin) |
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open letters addressed to emperors
-transition from Jewish to Gentile christianity. |
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Apologist
-tried to tie greek culture in with chrisitaintiy (chirst of culture)
-used LOGOS-"word"- reason, CHRIST
-Logosperotios- the seed in us. christ in us.
-said that reasonable, moral ppl get in to heaven b/c of logos.
-died a martyr
-worship on sunday b/c: jesus resurrection on that day |
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Hated greek philosphy
"what has athens to do with jerusalem? NOTHING!
--Blood of martyrs is seed of church: the more people die for faith the more people know about christ. *has to die to grow!
--Why do heresies arise??-PROFETIC FUFILLMENT (because scripture says so) |
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| Tatian- put together a harmony of the four gospels. |
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| Criteria for inclustion into canon |
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1)Apostolicity- "who wrote it"
2)Antiquity- Is it old? closer to Jesus
3)Orthodoxy- content correct
4) Practicality- use in worship? |
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first to put all 27 books for New Test in order we have it now.
IN 360 A.D.!!!! |
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| Three safeguards to the faith |
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Irenaeus:
Creed, Clergy, Canon |
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France. Student of Polycarp(Apostolic father) gave him a pedegree!
-Jesus-> Apoltles-> apostolic fathers->Bishops(Irenaus, Popes) |
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Irenaus. Rule of faith
-short summary of faith to be a good christian.
"belief"
-was used as a test of faith against Gnosticism. |
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Irenaeus.
development of leadership
-Apostolic succession- idea that teachings of the church had been handed down.
-*bishop becomes supreme arbiter of church |
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Irenaeus.
-first to appeal to New test writings as authoritative against gnostism. to prove we are rigth! |
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Irenaeus theology.
"summarize" mode of salvation
salvation is a REVERSAL of the separation from God that started with ADAM.
-jesus reversed adam's sin.
-Adam was headship, what happened to him, effected all humans!
-we are from his loins, when he fell, we fell, when he was fixed, we were fixed.
-**Jesus summed up in himself what God wanted humans to be. |
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Irenaeus Theology.
Old test., god reveals himself progressivly that climaxes with Jesus!
-way to compensate for bad parts of OT.
-keeps both old and new! |
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| Apostles creed and Gnostics |
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| it eliminated docetism and dualism in 1st line. |
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