Term
Psychology is currently defined as the science of:
animal and human behavior. C) observable behavior.
unconscious and conscious thinking. D) human behavior and mental processes. |
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Definition
| human behavior and mental processes. |
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Term
| When Jim witnessed his 4-year-old nephew cry and whine until he received what he wanted, he tried to explain to his sister that she was conditioning the crying and whining based on environmental events. Jim's explanation of his nephew's behavior is repres |
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| Dr. Brandon studies how elementary school children's grades and participation in after-school activities differ as a function of whether they attend schools located in urban or rural environments. Dr. Brandon's research interests most likely reflect a ___ |
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Term
According to the textbook, the different psychological perspectives are complementary because:
A) some perspectives explain human behavior and others explain mental processes.
B) the more dominant internal perspectives make up for the weaknesses of the |
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Definition
some perspectives explain human behavior and others explain mental processes.
the more dominant internal perspectives make up for the weaknesses of the external perspectives.
the various perspectives work together to provide more complete psychological explanations.
all of the above. |
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Term
Dr. Simon studies how the activity of neural chemicals influences our moods. Dr. Simon's work most directly illustrates psychology's _____ perspective.
A) some perspectives explain human behavior and others explain mental processes.
B) the more dominant |
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Term
Dr. Wilson studies how people evaluate different options when making a decision. Dr. Wilson's work most directly illustrates psychology's _____ perspective.
A) behavioral B) biological C) cognitive D) sociocultural |
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Term
When Carla works in a group, she may not exert as much effort as she does when she is working alone. This example of the effect of other people on behavior is most directly related to psychology's _____ perspective.
A) behavioral B) biological C) |
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Term
Andrew is experiencing the hindsight bias when he states:
A) “The problem with females is they always use hindsight to explain their mistakes!”
B) “There is bias in everything we do, from selecting a new car to explaining why we selected that particular |
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Definition
| “Of course people failed to help Kitty Genovese: it's obvious that when we are in a large group we are less likely to help someone in trouble than when we are alone.” |
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Term
Which of the following is a purely descriptive type of research method?
A) observation B) correlation C) case study D) both a and c |
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Definition
| case study C) naturalistic observation |
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Term
Because Jim was interested in the nest-building behavior of wrens, he went into the field to observe them. Jim was using the _____ method of research.
A) case study C) naturalistic observation
B) participant observation D) correlational |
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Term
In an attempt to more objectively observe drinking behavior among fraternity members, Henry joined a fraternity. Henry is utilizing the _____ research method.
A) naturalistic observation C) case study
B) participant observation D) all of the above |
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Term
Researchers have studied H. M., an amnesic, in depth over an extended period of time in order to more fully understand his problems and to develop hypotheses for future research. The in-depth study of H. M. is an example of the _____ research method.
A) |
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Definition
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Term
The difference between naturalistic observation and participant observation is that:
A) only naturalistic observation occurs in the natural environment.
B) observers become part of the group that is being studied in a participant observation.
C) observ |
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Definition
| observers become part of the group that is being studied in a participant observation. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about observational techniques is(are) true?
A) Naturalistic observation has focused on both humans and animals.
B) A major problem with observational research is that people may change their behavior if they know they |
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Definition
Naturalistic observation has focused on both humans and animals.
A major problem with observational research is that people may change their behavior if they know they are being observed.
In studies involving participant observation, researchers become a part of the groups they are observing. |
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Term
Which of the following research techniques would be most well suited to examining whether the number of hours spent watching TV predicts hours spent exercising
A) naturalistic observation C) correlational study
B) case study D) participant observation |
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Definition
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Term
Sharon wants to study student perceptions of the residence halls at her university. She contacts every 20th name on an alphabetized list from the registrar's office. In this situation, the students contacted by Sharon represent:
A) a random sample. C) th |
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Definition
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Term
If a marketing researcher is trying to determine whether or not individuals living in Boston prefer domestic or imported beer, which of the following techniques would most likely yield a random sample?
A) randomly surveying individuals who are drinking b |
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Definition
| mailing surveys to Boston residents over the age of 20 who were randomly selected from birth certificate data |
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Term
| Charlene is interested in determining whether the opinions of registered voters toward an increase in taxes for the public schools are influenced by the ages of the voters. In her research, she attempts to contact every 20th person on the voter registrat |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements regarding populations and samples is(are) true?
A) If you have a representative sample, then generalization of the research findings to the population is not possible.
B) A representative sample is necessary for general |
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Definition
| A representative sample is necessary for generalization of the research findings to the population. |
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Term
Which of the following data collection techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between political preferences and the economic status of North Americans?
A) the survey B) the case study C) experimentation D) |
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Term
Experimental study is to _____ as correlational study is to _____.
A) describe; predict B) predict; explain C) explain; describe D) explain; predict |
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Term
In order to discover the extent to which education can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to engage in:
A) correlational research. C) the case study approach.
B) naturalistic observation. D) experimental research. |
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Definition
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Term
| Professor Bayley is examining the relationship between how close a student sits to the front of the classroom and final grade in a course. She believes that the greater the distance is between students and the front of the classroom, the lower their final |
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Definition
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Term
A correlation coefficient of _____ indicates that the variables form a perfect linear relationship
A) +1.00 B) 1.00 C) 0.00 D) both a and b |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the variables with the weakest degree of relationship?
A) +.99 B) 1.00 C) +.01 D) .59 |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the variables with the strongest degree of relationship?
A) +.99 B) 1.00 C) +.01 D) .59 |
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Definition
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Term
If the points on a scatterplot are spread all over the graph, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are:
A) normally distributed. C) strongly related.
B) positively correlated. D) not correlated. |
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Definition
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Term
Jim thought that the strong negative correlation that he observed between depression and self-esteem meant that having a low self-esteem led to high levels of depression. Jim is misinterpreting the correlation by assuming:
A) causality. B) direction |
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Definition
| ) that there is a third variable. |
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Term
| Jim thought that the strong negative correlation that he observed between depression and self-esteem meant that having a low self-esteem led to high levels of depression. Jim is misinterpreting the correlation by assuming: |
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Definition
| ) that there is a third variable. |
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Term
Which of the following statements best reflects the third-variable problem?
A) A correlation between three variables increases the difficulty of determining which variable is most influential.
B) When a third variable is measured in a correlational stud |
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Definition
| A correlation between two variables may occur because some third variable is responsible for the relationship between the two variables. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about random assignment is(are) true?
A) Random assignment ensures participants are unaware of the experimenter's hypothesis.
B) By randomly assigning participants to groups, the experimenter equalizes participant chara |
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Definition
| By randomly assigning participants to groups, the experimenter equalizes participant characteristics across experimental and control groups. |
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Term
| To determine the effect of music on memorization, Dr. Majowski asks participants to study a list of words for 2 minutes. All participants study the same list of words, but half study in silence and half study while listening to music. After studying the w |
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Definition
| study condition (music or silence) |
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Term
| To determine the effect of music on memorization, Dr. Majowski asks participants to study a list of words for 2 minutes. All participants study the same list of words, but half study in silence and half study while listening to music. After studying the w |
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Definition
| percentage of words correctly recalled |
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Term
An operational definition would be used to:
A) describe the types of participants who participate in a study.
B) describe the variables in an experiment sufficiently to allow later replications.
C) randomly assign participants to a control or experimen |
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Definition
| describe the variables in an experiment sufficiently to allow later replications. |
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Term
Why are operational definitions important?
A) They clarify how researchers manipulate independent variables.
B) They clarify how researchers measure dependent variables.
C) They permit other researchers to attempt to replicate an experiment.
D) Operat |
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Definition
| Operational definitions are important for all of the above reasons. |
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Term
| As part of an experiment to test the effectiveness of a drug for depression, one group of participants receives a pill that does not contain any active ingredients. The inclusion of these participants most directly indicates that the experiment involves w |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following procedures would increase the likelihood that neither the experimenter's nor the participants' expectations would impact the results of a research project?
A) random sampling C) control group
B) double-blind procedure D) random as |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A) case study C) naturalistic observation
B) correlational study D) participant observation |
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Definition
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Term
Only one research method can be used to determine if one variable causes a change in another. Which research method is designed to answer this type of question?
A) case study B) experiment C) correlational study D) survey |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following illustrate(s) the use of control in experimentation?
A) random assignment C) the double-blind procedure
B) a placebo group D) all of the above |
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Definition
random assignment C) the double-blind procedure
a placebo group D) all of the above |
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Term
What is the median of the following set of scores?: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 7 |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mode of the following set of scores?: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 7 |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mode of the following set of scores?: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 7 |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mean of the following set of scores?: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 7 |
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Definition
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Term
If students are interested in how many students received A's, B's, C's, D's, and F's on their last exam, they should request that their professor provide information on the:
A) range of scores. C) mean and median.
B) frequency distribution. D) mean and |
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Definition
| mean and standard deviation. |
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Term
| The primary disadvantage to the ____ method(s) is that researchers cannot assume findings will generalize. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the normal distribution have a bell shape? |
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Definition
| Because scores near the mean are most frequent and extreme scores are rare. |
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Term
| Which of the following major research perspectives focuses on conditioning by external environmental events as the major cause of our behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would be the best procedure for obtaining a representative sample of the students at your school? |
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Definition
| sampling randomly from a list of all the students enrolled at your school |
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Term
| Which of the following research methods allow(s) the researcher to draw cause-effect conclusions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Height and weight are _____ correlated; elevation and temperature are _____ correlated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an experiment, the _____ group participants receive an inactive treatment but are told that the treatment will help them. |
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Definition
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Term
| In an experiment, the _____ group participants receive an inactive treatment but are told that the treatment will help them. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the video about violent video games, the experimenter emphasized that random assignment was used for which of the following reasons? |
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Definition
| to ensure that the experimental and control groups were as equal as possible before the experiment began |
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