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| Wagner orchestra supercedes vocal, Gesamtkunstwerk, Greek tragedy, rejects Italian opera |
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| short piano suggests mood |
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| Rossini opera based on Shakespeare, later Verdi |
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| Berlioz programmatic symphony devoted to Harriett Smithson, whom he later married and divorced, idee fixe |
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| Symphonie fantastique mvt. 1 |
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| Symphonie fantastique mvt. 2 |
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| Symphonie fantastique mvt. 3 |
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| Symphonie fantastique mvt. 4 |
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| March to the scaffolds (guillotine chord) |
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| Symphonie fantastique mvt. 5 |
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| aria more animated after cantabile |
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| piano exercises for teaching, Chopin, Liszt, Debussy |
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| voice and orchestra, Mahler, Strauss |
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| Schubert first song cycle, falls in love with millers daughter along brook |
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| Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, arias, emotion |
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| opera featuring everyday people, post-romantic opera tradition more natural |
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| Berlioz recurring theme Berlioz |
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| unity of citizens and traditions through music |
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| Wagner music-drama (Der Ring des Nibelungen): Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried, Götterdämmerung |
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| French painting Monet, Ravel and Debussy music |
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| 12-tone notes and rhythms |
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| no tonic, Shoenberg, 12-tone |
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| "sound color melody" tone-color change with different instruments, Schoenberg |
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| electronic music using recordings and/or synthesizers, does not require interpretation of notated music |
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| expressionistic half-speaking half-singing voice as in Pierrot Lunaire |
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| Stravinsky ballet music Diaghalev, primitive sacrifice of girl |
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| atonal opera Berg expressionistic Buchner play |
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| Music for Srings, Percussion and Celesta |
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| aka dodecaphonic, systematic ordering by Schoenberg, tone rows, prime |
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| aesthetic trend rejects emotion of Romantic period 1910-1950, traditional forms, includes New Objectivity |
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| late 20th C, Reich, Glass, Adams, reiteration of short phrases |
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| Chales Ives melody and harmony in different keys, also Bartok and Stravinsky |
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| duration, intensity, timbre applied to 12-tone techniques |
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| chance music, John Cage, sounds occur randomly, Some of the decisions normally made by a composer are left to chance. |
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| Hindemith "music for use" played by amateurs, or composed for a specific event or purpose |
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| 1920's movement against the emotional intensity and complexity of the late Romantics and the expressionism of Schoenberg and Berg, accessibility |
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| Stravinsky ballet with small ensemble of 6 instruments and percussion, dance movements |
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| 21 song cycle with speaker and small ensemble, atonal Sprechstimme Schoenberg |
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| Schoenberg/Berg in music. Painting distorted |
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| Rite of Spring, deliberate representation of the crude and uncultured |
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| painting Seurat, Klangfarbenmelodie, tone-to-tone relationships ie Webern one note on an instrument points of sound |
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| semi tones, quarter tones seen in Ives, Debussy observed Gamelan |
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| Debussy orchestral work 3 movements |
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| Bartok piano collections, progressive in 6 volumes |
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