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| the device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. the author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. |
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| The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. the repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and/or supply a musical sound. |
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| A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumable commonly known such as an event,book, myth, place, or work of art. Can be historical, literal, religious, or mythical. |
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| The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
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| A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by association it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Can make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaged. |
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| The word, phrase, or clause referred to by pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the ______ of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |
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| A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. A _____ can be a memorable summation of the authors point. |
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| A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. |
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| The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as a description of the weather can contribute to the ______. They frequently foreshadow events. |
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| A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, ____ expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent or subordinate, ____ cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by and independent _____. |
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| The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, __________ give a work a conversational, familiar tone. ________ expressions in writing include local or regional dialects. |
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| A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. A _______ displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison being made. |
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| The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the i,plied, suggested meaning. _______ may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes |
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| The strict, literal, dictionary def. of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. |
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| Related to style, ______ refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. For the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's ______ and understand the ways in which _______ can complement the author's purpose. |
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| From the Greek, ______ literally means "teaching." ______ works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. |
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| From the Greek for "good speech," _________ are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The ______ may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. |
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| A _____ developed at great length, occuring frequently in or throughout a work. |
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| Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative a vivid. |
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| A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. ____ __ ____ include, for example, apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. |
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| This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. |
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| The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry,and drama. However, genre is a flexible term; within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that area often called _____ themselves. |
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| This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |
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| A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. ______ often have comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, ________ produce irony at the same time. |
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| The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, _____ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory ______ . |
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