Term
| General description of a fatty acid |
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Definition
| A long hydro carbon chain with a methyl group at one end and a carboxyl group on the other |
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Term
| Fatty acid synthesis of leads mainly to the production of this molecule |
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Definition
| Palmitate is the main product of this biochemical rxn |
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Term
| Two ways to influence the melting point of fatty acids |
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Definition
1 - Increase chain length (increase MP)
2 - Increase degree of unsaturation (decrease MP) |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for Palmitate |
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Definition
| 16 carbons and 0 double bonds describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for Palmitoleic acid |
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Definition
| 16 carbons and 1 double bond describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for Stearate |
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Definition
| 18 carbons and 0 double bonds describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for Oleic acid |
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Definition
| 18 carbons and 1 double bonds describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for Linoleic acid |
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Definition
| 18 carbons and 2 double bonds describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation for alpha-Linoleic acid |
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Definition
| 18 carbons and 3 double bonds describes this fatty acid molecule |
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Term
| Fatty acids that are released by fat cells are released into the blood and complexed with this molecule |
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Definition
| Albumin is complexed with this molecule when released into the blood |
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Term
| More than 90% of the fatty acids in the blood are circulated as these |
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Definition
| Lipoproteins complex with this molecule and circulate in the blood |
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Term
| Lipoproteins are esterified into these 3 molecules |
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Definition
| TAGs, Cholesteryl esters and Phospholipids are products when this molecule is esterified |
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Term
| Describe a human fatty acid using characteristics of chain length and double bonds. |
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Definition
| They characteristically have an even number of carbons (between 16-20), their double bonds are always in the cis-conformation and are always spaced at 3-carbon intervals. |
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Term
| Two dietary essential fatty acids |
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Definition
| Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid |
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Term
3 descriptors of linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid |
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Definition
- 18:2, omega-6, US° = 9 and 12
- 18:3, omega-3, US° = 9, 12 and 15 |
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Term
| Dietary deficiencies in essential fatty acids can have these symptoms |
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Definition
| scaly dermatitis, hair loss, and poor wound healing are typical symptoms of this |
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Term
| Linoleic acid is a precursor of this fatty acid |
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Definition
| Arachidonyl acid can be formed from this dietary essential fatty acid |
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Term
| Arachidonic acid can be used to for this group of fatty acids |
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Definition
| Eicosanoids can be formed from this fatty acid group member |
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Term
| This is the main storage form of fatty acids |
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Definition
| TAGs are the main storage form of this group |
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Term
General structure of a TAG |
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Definition
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Term
| TAGs are stored in these cells |
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Definition
| Adipocytes store these molecules |
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Term
| Modest weight gain or loss in a non-obese person mainly does this to adipocytes |
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Definition
| It affects the size of adipocytes but not the number |
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Term
| These are the most common phospholipids and are a component of this |
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Definition
| Glycerophospholipids are of this category and are a component of the plasma membrane |
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Term
| This type of phospholipid is found in animal cell membranes, particularly the myelin sheath |
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Definition
| Sphingo-phospholipids are typically found here |
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Term
| Most glycolipids are of this group |
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Definition
| Sphingoglycolipids in this category |
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Term
| Glycolipids have this type of a backbone |
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Definition
| N-acyl-sphingosine is a back bone for this group |
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Term
| General structure of a phosphatidic acid molecule |
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Definition
| A lipid with a TAG backbone and a phosphate group in place of one of the acyl groups |
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Term
| General structure of glycerophospholipid |
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Definition
A TAG with:
- A saturated fatty acid at C-1
- An unsaturated fatty acid at C-2
- a phosphate + an R group in place of
the acyl group at C-3 |
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Term
| General structure of Cardiolipin |
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Definition
| This contains 4 fatty acids where the 2 phosphatidyl groups are linked together by a glycerol molecule |
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Term
| Location and Fxn of Cardiolipin |
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Definition
| It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, helping the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation to take place |
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Term
| Four common examples of glycerophospholipids found n the plasmamembrane |
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Definition
Phosphatidylcholine (PC),
Phosphotidylethanolamine (PE),
Phoaphatidly serine (PS) and
Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) are common examples of these. |
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Term
| Three examples of eicosanoids |
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Definition
| Prostaglandins, Thromboxane and Leukotrienes are examples of these |
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Term
| Cerebrosides and gangliosides are usually found here |
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Definition
| These glycosphingolipids are are found in brain and peripheral nervous tissue |
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Term
| Cholesterol is generally needed for these 4 reasons |
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Definition
1. Maintain membrane fluidity
2. Bile acid synthesis
3. Steroid hormone synthesis
4 Formation of Vit D |
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Term
| Means by which TAGs and Cholesteryl esters are transported |
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Definition
| These are neutral lipid transported into the blood by lipoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
| This macro molecular complex serves to transport neutral lipids inside their core through more polar fluids |
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Term
| This is found on the monolayer shell of lipoproteins |
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Definition
| unesterified cholesterol is found on the surface of these compexes |
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Term
| Three roles of lipoproteins/apoproteins |
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Definition
They are needed for:
- Release into lymph or blood
- receptor recognition for uptake into cells
- for activation of specific enzymes in the blood |
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Term
| These are the largest lipoproteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Three groups of lipoproteins after ultracentrifugation |
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Definition
| VLDL, LDL and HDL are examples of this |
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Term
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Definition
| These contain dietary TAGs, CE and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| They mainly contain TAGS and some CEs |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to TAG cleavage, contain mostly CEs and less TAGs |
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Term
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Definition
| These are mainly filed with CEs and apoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
| It's main role s revrse cholesterol transport to the liver |
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Term
| Two locations where Phosphotidycholine is found |
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Definition
They are found:
- outside the bilayer of plasma membrane
- on the surface of the monolayer of lipoproteins |
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Term
| PC is a pre-cursor to this respiratory component |
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Definition
| This molecule is a pre-cursor to the lipid portion of lung suefractant |
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Term
| Lung surfractant contains this modified version of a glycerophospholipid |
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Definition
| This contains Di-palmitoyl-PC or a PC with two esterified palmates |
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Term
| DPPC is formed through this |
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Definition
| This molecule i formed from the ecretion of type II alveolar cells |
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Term
| Deficiancy in lung surfractant can lead to this syndrome |
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Definition
| RDS is a consequence of this |
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Term
| Deficiancy in lung surfractant can lead to this syndrome |
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Definition
| RDS is a consequence of this |
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Term
| Two possible reason for inadequate DPPC |
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Definition
1. inadequate synthesis of
2. Defect on the ABC transporter protein which fxns to release the surfractant from the alveolar cells |
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Term
| This ratio can help determine fetal lung maturity |
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Definition
| The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio with a value >2 at 32wks of gestation is an indicator of this |
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