Term
| Define biotechnology and explain what the ultimate goal of biotechnology is |
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Definition
| The manipulation of the biological processes of DNA, cells, and organisms to benefit society; concerned with manipulating genotypes to control phenotypes |
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Term
| Explain why it is possible to use the same techniques across species |
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Definition
| Because the structure of DNA molecules and the genetic code is the same in all species |
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Term
| Give examples of historic biotechnology |
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Definition
| Selective breeding of livestock and crops |
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Term
| List 6 commonly used types of modern biotechnology |
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Definition
| DNA extraction, DNA probes, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, genetic engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking the DNA molecules out of a cell to be analyzed or manipulated |
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Term
| Describe the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
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Definition
| To make up to millions of copies of a single gene |
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Term
| Describe what a DNA probe is, and the purpose of DNA probes |
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Definition
| Machine made DNA fragment bonded to a fluorescent molecule used to probe and find the gene of interest |
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Term
| Describe the basic function of restriction enzymes, and identify restriction sites |
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Definition
| Cute DNA molecules at specific base sequences called restriction sites, so that the DNA isn't so long |
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Term
| Identify the source of restriction enzymes and explain the original purpose of restriction enzymes in nature |
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Definition
| Originally used by bacteria to cut the DNA invaders to kill them |
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Term
| Describe the basic function and purpose of gel eletrophoresis |
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Definition
| Fragments cut by restriction enzymes migrate through gel, heavier pieces don't make it as far, producing a pattern or DNA fingerprint |
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Term
| Describe what is meant by recombinant DNA technology, and indicate several previous technologies that are combined to accomplish making a GMO |
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Definition
| Manipulation of organism's genetic material by adding, deleting, or transplanting genes from one organism to another |
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Term
| Define RFLP, DNA fingerprint, DNA profile, amplify, target DNA, restriction sites, and isolate |
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Definition
RFLP- noncoding regions are different lengths in different people
DNA fingerprint- DNA profile created when particles move through gel
Amplify- the small amount of DNA into more useful quantities |
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