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| Tells a story, or relates a chain of events |
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| introduces or explains a subject, gives groundwork information that is necessary for understanding later ideas, or analyzes information objectively |
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| Passes along precise information, usually about a specific topic, and usually in a formal or semis formal style. |
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| tries to get the reader to agree with the author |
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| General subject matter covered ny the passage, sentence, or body of work |
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| The work's specific message. The reason the text was written |
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| Subjects that a written work touches upon |
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Express the main point of the paragraph or of a larger text structure such as an essay or book
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| generally appear at the end of a paragraph, chapter, section or document. Sums up the point of the earlier text. |
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is an idea that follows from the facts or ideas presented in the text.
Note: it does not have to factual or true; it merely has to be consistent with the ideas in the text. |
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| "read between the lines" a logical conclusion that is not actually written in the text; rather it is deduced by the reader, based on information that is in the text. |
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| is the way which a given text is organized |
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Problem-Solution
Structure
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| Presenting a problem in one paragraph and a solution in another paragraph |
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Comparison-Contrast
Structure |
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| the author may present two cases with the intent of making the reader consider the similarities or differences between the two. |
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| when the author normally presents an action first, then describes the effects that result (or may result) from that action |
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| tend to describe or characterize a person, place, thing or idea. |
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| consists or surrounding words, sentences or paragraphs that usually help to reveal the word's meaning |
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| provides an overview of a document, outlining its basic structure and allowing the reader to look up a section they want to read. |
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| provides a way to look up various topics in a document. |
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| any standard instrument of measurement that has markings at established intervals. |
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| an area that explains the symbols and notations used on a map |
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| a legend symbol that indicates the cardinal directions (north, south, east and west) as they relate to a map. |
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| feature on a map that informs the reader how to interpret distances. |
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| titles that preface a section of text, advertise the subject of the text. |
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headings that appear below other headings within the same category. Break the text into manageable parts
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| include formatting devices such as bold or italicized fonts, indented text, and bulleted or numbered lists. |
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