Term
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Definition
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Term
| Broad stages of B cell development (4) |
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Definition
| Production in bone marrow, negative selection against self-targeting B cells, foreign antigen activates B cells in secondary lymph tissues, activated B cells differentiate to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells |
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Term
| Specific stages of B cell development (7) |
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Definition
| Stem Cell, Early Pro-B, Late Pro-B, Large Pre-B, Small Pre-B, Immature B, Mature B |
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Term
| H-chain rearrangement occurs in which stages |
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Definition
| Heavy chain has VDJ segments. Early Pro-B: D-J rearrangement. Late Pro-B: V-DJ Rearrangement. Large Pre-B: Rearrangement complete, first functional heavy chain |
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Term
| L-chain arrangement occurs in which stages |
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Definition
| Light chain has VJ segments only. Small Pre-B: V-J rearrangement. Immature B: VJ Rearrangment complete, first functional light chain. |
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Term
| Ig status of mature B cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig status of immature B cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig status of small pre-b cell: |
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Definition
| µ chain in endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| Ig status of large pre-b cell: |
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Definition
| µ heavy chain, surrogate light chain, pre-b receptor on cell surface |
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Term
| Ig status before Large Pre-B cell stage: |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of stromal cells in bone marrow for B cell development |
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Definition
| 1) provide cell-cell contact with developing B cells, and 2) provide growth factors including Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and IL-7 |
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Term
| Role of Stem Cell Factor produced by stromal cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of IL-7 produced by stromal cells |
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Definition
| Induces proliferation and development of pre-B cells |
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Term
| Regulators of B cell development: RAG-1 and RAG-2 |
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Definition
| Make double strand breaks for rearrangement, recognizing heptamer/nonamer sequences |
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Term
| Regulators of B cell development: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) |
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Definition
| On X chromosome, essential for B cell maturation. Mutation leads to B cell deficiency: X-linked agammaglobulinemia - no mature B cells |
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Term
| Regulators of B cell development: TdT |
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Definition
| Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - adds random nucleotides to cut ends of DNA, important for junctional diversity. On in pro-B, off in pre-B |
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Term
| Regulators of B cell development: c-Kit |
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Definition
| Growth factor receptor active from stem cell to Late Pro-B stage |
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Term
| Regulators of B cell development: IL-7 Receptor |
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Definition
| Growth factor receptor active from stem cell to Small Pre-B Stage |
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Term
| Five types of immunoglobulin classes |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig classes that are monomer |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig classes that are pentamer |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig classes that are dimer |
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Definition
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Term
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
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Definition
| Condition where all Igs are missing; discover via immunoelectrophoresis |
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Term
| Swollen lymph nodes are due to |
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Definition
| Highly proliferative B cells in lymph node germinal centers |
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Term
| B cell activation - 3 signals |
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Definition
| 1) antigen binding/internalization, 2) CD40L from TH2 helper cell interacts with CD40 on B cell, 3) cytokine environment stimulates proliferation and isotype switching |
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Term
| Fate of B cells after activation (2) |
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Definition
| 1) mature into plasma cell, 2) mature into memory B cell |
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Term
| Plasma cell characteristics |
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Definition
| Extensive ER, highly antibody-producing |
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Term
| Thymus Independent Antigen (TI-1/TI-2) |
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Definition
| Bacterial products that can activate B cells without T help |
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Term
| TI-1: Which cells respond? What mode? |
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Definition
| All B cells; polyclonal. Completely antigen-independent response (lipopolysaccharides produced by bacteria trigger toll-like receptor 4, causing activation) |
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Term
| TI-2: Which cells respond? What mode? |
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Definition
| Mature B cells; because they cause proliferation via crosslinking. Still an antigen-specific response (bacteria binding to B cell receptors triggers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind and neutralize toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| # of antibodies an antigen can bind at one time |
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Term
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Definition
| Pentamer, activates complement, 1st formed in response to an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood, and around critical organs like heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer, stays membrane bound, shuts down B cells after antigen binding, 2nd type formed in response to an antigen |
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Term
| IgA: structure, function, types |
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Definition
| Dimeric, associated with secretory surfaces. Secretory and monomeric forms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all mucosal surfaces; the only one in breast milk |
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Term
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Definition
| Fc alpha receptors on leukocytes; this triggers burst of oxidizing agents to kill |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer, in blood, associates with mast cells in tissue, basophils in blood, to trigger immune response via Fc epsilon receptor. Can assist eosinophils in attacking large parasitic worms |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer, induces complement fixation, Highest concentration Ig in an immune response |
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Term
| Fc gamma receptor, and IgG: Activating types: |
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Definition
| Fc gamma receptor I, IIA/C, IIIA/B. These activate phagocytosis and oxidizing agent burst. |
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Term
| Fc gamma receptor, and IgG: Inhibitory types: |
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Definition
| Fc gamma receptor IIB1, 2. May shut down B cell from producing antibody in B cells, macrophages, neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Everywhere except brain; chief Ig type in fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| Neonatal Fc receptor, sequesters excess IgG in vascular endothelial cells, will release if concentration drops |
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