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TCN A&P Ch. 2
The skin
59
Anatomy
Professional
03/06/2012

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Term
Carcinoma
Definition
A malignant tumor
Term
Arrector pili
Definition
A tiny bundle of smooth muscle that is attached to each hair follicle.
Term
Areolae
Definition
Pigmented areas of the breasts.
Term
Cerumen
Definition
A protective coating for the meatus(ear wax)
Term
Basal cell carcinoma
Definition
Arises from cells in epidermis, does not spread rapidly, and tends not to metastasize.
Term
Ceruminous glands
Definition
Located in the external auditory meatus (ear canal) and secrete cerumen
Term
Axilla
Definition
Armpits
Term
Duct portion
Definition
Part of the eccrine sweat glands, primary secretion of fluid passes through it.
Term
Core body temperature
Definition
The temperature of the central thorax, abdomen, and brain
Term
Conduction
Definition
Heat lost to the environment through contact with a cooler object
Term
Cornified layer
Definition
The outermost layer of skin
Term
Deep-coiled portion
Definition
Part of the eccrine sweat glands, generates primary secretion of fluid NaCl into the gland lumen.
Term
Convection
Definition
Heat lost to the environment by air movement.
Term
Dermal glands
Definition
Arising from the epidermis in the process of embryonic development, includes sebaceous, sudoriferous, mammary, and ceruminous glands.
Term
Elaidin
Definition
A translucent substance formed from keratohyalin
Term
Holocrine glands
Definition
Sebaceous glands in which the secretions are formed as a product of the breakdown of dead gland cells.
Term
Full-thickness burns
Definition
A 3rd degree burn affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Term
1st degree burns
Definition
Burns that involve mainly damage to the epidermis, require no special treatment, and typically heal rapidly w/o scarring.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
A stratified squamous epithelium that contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, & immunocytes.
Term
Hair follicle
Definition
Encloses the root of a hair in the skin.
Term
Eccrine sweat glands
Definition
One type of sudoriferous gland. They are scattered through the body surface but are most dense on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They produce a dilute solution containing many of the constituents of blood plasma.
Term
Evaporative cooling
Definition
Promotes heat loss from the body surface in which some heat is absorbed by water in the process of its transformation from liquid to a gas.
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
Underneath the dermis and not technically part of the skin, a subcutaneous layer containing loose connective tissue, arterioles, venules, & adipose tissue
Term
Immunocytes
Definition
1st line of defense against invasion by microbes, fungi, and parasites.
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
Cells responsible for the wear-resistance andwaterproof qualities of the skin.
Term
Lactation
Definition
Production of milk by the mammary glands during a period of infant nutrition after birth.
Term
Keratin
Definition
A Protein produced by keratinocytes
Term
Malignant melanoma
Definition
Arises from melanocytes in the skin or in the pigmented moles. Some forms of melanoma spread very rapidly and also metastasize freely to other body tissues.
Term
Keratohyalin
Definition
A Precursor to keratin.
Term
Lunula
Definition
Crescent-shaped region at the base of the nail.
Term
Metastasize
Definition
In reference to carcinoma, to spread to other areas of the body.
Term
Melanin
Definition
Pigment in the skin
Term
Matrix
Definition
Located at the base of each hair follicle where the hair grows.
Term
Nail groove
Definition
Nails arise from stem cells located here
Term
Merocrine glands
Definition
Sudoriferous glands in which part of the secretory cells themselves appears in the secretion.
Term
Mammary glands
Definition
Modified sweat glands that have evolved to produce milk during a period of infant nutrition after birth.
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Produce melanin, partly responsible for skin color.
Term
Nail matrix
Definition
Where the growth of the nail occurs.
Term
Papillary layer
Definition
One layer of the dermis, consisting of fingerlike projections that project into the overlying epidermis.
Term
Nevus
Definition
Pigmented mole
Term
Radiation
Definition
Heat can be lost to environment through electromagnetic transmission.
Term
Sebum
Definition
An oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands onto the skin that reduces the loss of moisture and contains antimicrobial chemicals.
Term
Reticular layer
Definition
One layer of the dermis, largely composed of a network of crisscrossing collagen and elastin fibers that give the skin its elasticity and resilience.
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
Holocrine glands that are associated with hair follicles and secrete and oily sebum onto the skin surface.
Term
Partial-thickness burns
Definition
2nd degree burn
Term
2nd degree burns
Definition
These involve at least some damage to the dermis.
Term
Stratum lucidum
Definition
Consists of cells filled w/ droplets of elaidin.
Term
Stratum spinosum
Definition
New Keratinocytes push upward into this layer above the stratum germinativum
Term
Stratum granulosum
Definition
As cells leave the stratum spinosum and enter this layer, they begin to synthesize and store a keratohyalin.
Term
Squamous cell
Definition
Arises from cells in the stratum spinosum, and has a higher probability of metastasis.
Term
Stratum corneum
Definition
The outermost layer of skin, 20-30 cells deep, consisting entirely of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin.
Term
Stratum basale
Definition
Deepest layer of the skin
Term
Stratum Germinativum
Definition
Deepest layer of skin where new keratinocytes are continuously produced from stem cells.
Term
Skin grafts
Definition
Islands of transplanted skin are created within a burned region
Term
Thermoregulation
Definition
Process that maintains the core body temperature constant within a few tenths of a degree Celsius.
Term
Tonic
Definition
A steady rate of nerve impulses along sympathetic nerves to superficial blood vessels that maintains some degree of vascular tone in those vessels.
Term
Subcutaneous fat
Definition
Adipose tissue that protects underlying organs from mechanical shock, serves as a thermal insulation, and contributes to the sex-specific body contours of men and women.
Term
Sudoriferous glands
Definition
Sweat glands.
Term
3rd degree burns
Definition
full-thickness burn involving dermis & subcutaneous tissue
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