Term
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Definition
FAT soluble
Retinol
Vitamin
Comes from: Fruits vegetables, dairy and liver
Pathologies:Night blindness |
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Term
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Definition
Thiamin
Comes from: whole grains, liver , yeast
Pathologies: Beriberi, loss of appetite, fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
Riboflavin
Comes from: eggs, leafy greens, dairy, meat
Pathologies: mouth sores, dry mouth, |
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Term
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Definition
Niacin
Comes from: fowl, liver, yeast meat
Pathologies: Pellagra Skin disorders, mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
Pantothenic Acid
Comes from: eggs liver yeast
Pathologies: adrenal problems |
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Term
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Definition
pyroxidine
Comes from: liver, dairy, whole grain
Pathologies: anemia, seizures, slow growth, skin problems |
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Term
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Definition
folic acid
Comes from: vegetables, eggs, liver, whole grain
Pathologies: anemia |
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Term
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Definition
cobalamin
Comes from: liver, meat, dairy, eggs
Pathologies: pernicious anemia |
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Term
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Definition
ascorbic acid
Comes from: citrus, potatoes, tomatoes
Pathologies: scurvy, easy burning, slow healing |
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Term
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Definition
calciferol FAT SOLUBLE
Comes from: fortified milk, fish oil sunshine
Pathologies: rickets, osteomalacia |
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Term
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Definition
tocopherols FAT SOLUBLE
Comes from: whole grain, dairy, meats
Pathologies: hemolytic anemia in children |
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Term
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Definition
Menadione FAT SOLUBLE
Comes from: liver, intestinal bacteria
Pathologies: blood clotting problems in newborns |
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Term
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Definition
biotin
Comes from: liver, yeast, bacteria in gut
Pathologies: skin problems, loss of hair |
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Term
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Definition
Comes from: eggs fish liver, meat green leafys whole grain
Pathologies: poor immunity, poor concentration, anemia, fatigue, itching, pica |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Comes from:dairy, seafood, kelp
Pathologies: goiter, cretinism |
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Term
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Definition
upper border 5th or 6th ICS
lower border 10th or 11th rib under xiphoid |
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Term
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Definition
Right: T12 to L3
Left: T11 to L2
Left Kidney is Higher |
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Term
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Definition
Apex 5th ICS
Mitral valve between left atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid Right |
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Term
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Definition
Lower borders
front: 6th ICS
axillary: 8th Ics
Back: 10th ICS |
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Term
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Definition
| left side of the body 9th to 11th rib |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the Spinal Cord terminates where? |
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Definition
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Term
| the eustachian tube is where? |
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Definition
| opening between pharynx in the middle ear |
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Term
| neurotransmitters: Substance P |
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Definition
a peptide and transmitter of many central neurons it transmits Pain
eg
dorsal root, Basal ganglia. |
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Term
| neurotransmitters: enkephalins |
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Definition
| acts like an opiate to block pain |
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Term
| neurotransmitters: endorphins |
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Definition
| acts like an opiate to block pain |
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Term
cell structure:
soma (Cell Body) has what in it? |
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Definition
| contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles |
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Term
cell structure:
the dendrites do what? |
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Definition
| branch from cell body, receives stimuli that initiates nerve signals |
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Term
cell structure:
The Axon does what? |
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Definition
| conducts impulses away from the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nerves and points: PC3 and PC6 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nerves and points: Liver 5 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| points and arteries: HT 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| points and arteries: LI4 and LU9 |
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Definition
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Term
| points and arteries: Sp12 |
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Definition
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Term
| points and arteries: ST 9 - ST10 -LI 17 LI18 |
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Definition
| points and arteries: carotid Artery |
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Term
| points and arteries: st 42 |
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Definition
| dorsal foot artery, pedis dorsalis |
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Term
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Definition
parasympathetic eg: eating relaxing, urinating
sympathetic eg: fight flight |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial and spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
most common dementia
cause is acetylcholine
presents as forgetfulness |
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Term
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Definition
a slowly progressive CNS disorder
comes with tremors at rest and a dopamine deficiency,
presents with a mask-like face a shuffling gait and both sides of the body are effected |
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Term
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Definition
wet stroke: caused by trauma or vascular malformation
Dry Stroke: caused by often involving the medial cerebral artery
the forehead does wrinkle |
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Term
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Definition
involves CN V
aggravated by touch |
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Term
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Definition
CN VII
forehead does wrinkle
increased salivation |
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Term
function of brain areas:
the Cerebrum does what? |
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Definition
cognitive motor control
memory
sensory awareness
speech
taste
vision |
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Term
function of brain areas:
the cerebellum does what? |
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Definition
coordination and integration of motor skills
balance
motor learning
motor control |
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Term
function of brain areas:
the thalamus does what? |
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Definition
regulation of body temperature and water balance
control of emotion
information processing back to the cerebrum |
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Term
function of brain areas:
the brain stem does what? |
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Definition
control of respiratory and heart rates
control of peripheral blood flow |
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Term
endocrine system:
the Anterior Pituitary secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
GH: growth hypo=dwarf / hyper=giant
PRL/prolactin : initiates and maintains milk secretion
ACTH/ adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex and secretes hormones
TSH: controls thyroid hormones.
MSH/Melanocyte: melanin for skin color
FSH/follicle stimulating: development of ova, makes sperm
LH/leutinizing: triggers ovulation and testosterone |
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Term
endocrine system:
the Posterior Pituitary secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
OT/ oxytocin: uterine contractions during laber
ADH/Antidiuretic: decreases urinary volume raises BP
keeps water in and pushes baby out! |
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Term
endocrine system:
the Hypothalamus secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
| Releases inhibiting hormones |
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Term
endocrine system:
the thyroid secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
Thyroid Hormone: regulates metabolism, growth activity o nervous system
calcitonin: lowers blood levels of calcium by adding calcium to bones |
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Term
endocrine system:
the parathyroid secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
| PTH/parathyroid hormone: raises blood calcium by taking it from bones |
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Term
endocrine system:
the pancreas secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
glucagon: raises blood glucose A cells
insulin: lowers blood glucose transports into cells converts glucose to glycogen B cells controls carbohydrate metabolism
GH inhibiting factor: inhibits secretions of insulin and glucagon |
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Term
endocrine system:
the adrenal cortex secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
aldosterone: raises sodium and reabsorption of potassium
cortisol: raises blood glucose levels
the steroid cortex!!!!!!! |
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Term
endocrine system:
the adrenal medulla secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine: raises blood pressure and glucose levels |
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Term
endocrine system:
the pineal gland secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
| melatonin: inhibits reproductive function |
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Term
endocrine system:
the thymus secretes which hormones? |
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Definition
| thymusin: raises production of WBCs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| change in melanin Vitiligo |
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Definition
| patches of lack of pigment on the face hands and feet |
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Term
| immune system: has 3 layers |
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Definition
1)skin
2)inflammation with isolating destroying and removing of harmful microorganisms
3) immune response |
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Term
| immune system: lymphocytes |
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Definition
| primary immune cell. originates in the Liver, Spleen and bone marrow of the fetus |
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Term
| immune system: T Lymphocytes |
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Definition
migrates though the thymus gland to become the cell mediated immunity
rabid killers |
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Term
| immune system: B Lymphocytes |
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Definition
mature in bone marrow
cell mediated immunity |
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Term
| immune system: Lymph nodes |
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Definition
filter lymph and house phagocytes.
the phagocytes eat foreign particles |
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Term
| components of blood: blood is made of found elements __% and Plasma __% |
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Definition
| found elements 45% and Plasma 55% |
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Term
components of blood: granulocytes:
the neutrophils do what? |
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Definition
| 60-70% of cellular defense, phagocytosis of small pathogenic microorganisms, bacterial infections, inflammation, stress |
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Term
components of blood: granulocytes:
the eosinophils do what? |
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Definition
| 2-4% lining of respiratory and digestive tract eg: parasite and allergens |
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Term
components of blood: granulocytes:
the basophils do what? |
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Definition
| .5-1% contains histamine (vasodilation ) and heparin (anticoagulant) |
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Term
components of blood: agranulocytes:
the lymphocytes do what? |
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Definition
| 20-25% smallest T's directly attack infected or cancer cells, viral infection |
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Term
components of blood: agranulocytes:
the monocytes do what? |
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Definition
| 3-8% largest phagocytosis of large bacterial organism and chronic viral infection |
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Term
chemicals in infection
histamine:
bradykinin:
serotonin: |
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Definition
histamine: allergic reaction
bradykinin: inflammation
serotonin:plays a role in inflammation |
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Term
antibodies: immunoglobulin:
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD |
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Definition
IGM: synthesized immature beta cells produced after initial contact with antigens does not cross
IgG: MOST ABUNDANT makes up 75% of anti bodies in the blood DOES CROSS
IgA: found in mucus membranes, spit, tears, mothers milk DOES NOT CROSS
IgE: allergies
IgD: unknown |
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Term
| infectious pathologies: herpes zoster |
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Definition
| shingles an infection that produces a a painful fluid filled skin eruptions. caused by the same virus as chicken pox. the virus lays dormant in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord |
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Term
| orthopedics: how to test for carpal tunnel |
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Definition
| tinel sign and finkelstein test |
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Term
| orthopedics: thoracic outlet syndrome |
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Definition
| has cervical rib producing numbness and tingling to little finger |
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Term
| orthopedics: sciatica test |
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Definition
| strait leg test with dorsiflexion looking for nerve root lesion disk herniation (braggards sign) |
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Term
the heart:
systolic pressure is what? |
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Definition
| pressure during the period of ventricular contraction |
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Term
the heart:
diastolic pressure is what? |
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Definition
| the BP between ventricular relaxation |
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Term
the heart: EKG
P Wave
QRS Complex
T Wave |
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Definition
P Wave
atrial depolarization
QRS Complex
ventricular depolarization
T Wave
ventricular repolerization (recovery ) |
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Term
| bowels and LI disorders: acute appendicitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of appendix, pain under umbilicus in the RLQ coughing and rebound pain(mcburnrys test) vomit and nausea. pain gets less when it bursts |
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Term
| blood tests: PSA/ prostate specific antigen test |
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Definition
measures PSA in blood
less than 4ng/ml is normal
between 4-10ng/ml borderline
greater than 10ng/ml is high
high levels = prostate cancer, prostatitis, recent ejaculation, |
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Term
| blood tests: for heart attack/CK |
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Definition
| shows an increase of CK 6hr after the start of a heart attack. peaks at 18hrs, returns to normal after 24-36 hr |
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Term
| blood tests: high bilirubin |
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Definition
jaundice
hemolytic anemia
liver disease
gall bladder disease |
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Term
| blood tests: serum albumin |
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Definition
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Term
| blood tests: PT: prothrombin time |
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Definition
| liver disease as clotting factors are not producing normally |
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Term
| cholesterol blood tests: total blood cholesterol levels are as follows |
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Definition
under 200 good
200- 239 borderline
240 and up is high |
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Term
| cholesterol blood tests: HDL or good cholesterol |
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Definition
less than 40 is low and can mean heart disease
above 60 is good and makes heart disease less |
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Term
| cholesterol blood tests: LDL is bad |
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Definition
under 100 is good
130 to 159 borderline
160 and up is high |
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Term
| cholesterol blood tests: total cholesterol is divided by HDL |
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Definition
below 5to 1 is good
3.5 to 1 is optimal |
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Term
| cholesterol blood tests: triglycerides are a fat |
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Definition
under 200 normal
200 to 400 borderline high |
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Term
| the parts of the stomach are? |
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Definition
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Term
| the cell membrane is made of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| asexual cell division is? |
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Definition
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Term
| the proses of a cell eating is called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of the cell drinking is called |
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Definition
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Term
| where does DNA translation happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does DNA transcription take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| types of connective tissue are |
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Definition
1) Blood
2) Bone
3) lymphatic
4) fat
5) cartilage |
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Term
| reticular connective tissue does what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the path of blood through the heart is as follows |
|
Definition
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery (only deoxygenated blood in a artery )
LUNG
pulmonary vein (only place with oxygenated blood in a vein)
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aorta |
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Term
| what is the difference between motor and sensory neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
C6 |
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Definition
| start of esophagus and trachea |
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
C7 |
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Definition
| highest point of thoracic duct for lymph drainage |
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
T1 |
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Definition
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
T4 |
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Definition
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
T7 |
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Definition
| inferior angle of scapula |
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
T9 |
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Definition
| xiphoid and sternal angle |
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
T10 |
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Definition
| esophageal hiatus in diaphragm |
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Term
vertical anatomical levels:
L3 |
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Definition
| inferior mesenteric artery |
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|
Term
vertical anatomical levels:
L4 |
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Definition
| iliac crest and umbilicus |
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Term
| the most used neurotransmitter in the body is? |
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Definition
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Term
| the three types of cartilage are? |
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Definition
1) elastic
very elastic
2) hyalin
very stable
3) fibrocartilage
a blend of both |
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Term
which has more vasculature,
1) bone
2) cartilage |
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Definition
| bone, cartilage receives its blood through diffusion |
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Term
| the highly vascularized outermost layer of bone is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| osteoblasts and they are controlled by the parathyroid |
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Term
| bone breaker cells are called? |
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Definition
| osteoclasts and they are controlled by the thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| a synarthroses joint has what range of motion ? |
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Definition
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Term
| a synchondroses joint has what range of motion ? |
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Definition
| slight, such as that of the ribs |
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Term
| a syndesmoses joint has what range of motion? |
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Definition
| a very specific range such as the fibrous disks of the vertebral column |
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Term
| a diarthroses joint is what? |
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Definition
| the most common joint type with a significant range of motion |
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Term
| pain fiber of the spinothalamic tract are found in what? |
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Definition
| the white matter of the anterolateral horn of the spinal cords |
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Term
| infection that is related to Eosinophilia |
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Definition
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Term
| acute inflammation happens in what order? |
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Definition
| phagocytosis, migration of leukocytes, emigration of leukocytes |
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Term
| a lack of Vit D in adults causes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| hodgkins disease is a malignant neoplasm of the ____ tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| white blood cells that proliferates greatly during a bacterial infection is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the clint presents with pain around the umbilicus, epigastrium, vomit nausea, right lower abdominal pain. what do they have? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does an antibacterial agent have to have to be considered broad spectrum? |
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Definition
| effective against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
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Term
| the cardiac output is what? |
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Definition
| stroke volume times the heart rate |
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Term
| tinel's sign tests for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| which cell in the body digests foreign particles. and is involved i early defense? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| compared to the arteries the veins do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| when you have aids you do not have what? |
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Definition
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Term
| localized paraesthesia and numbness is caused by? |
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Definition
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