Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Mesencephalon

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Cerebral Hemispheres

Basal Ganglia

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

Pons

Cerebellum

What divides the Cerebral Hemispheres

into left and right sides?

Frontal

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Limbic

What separates the Frontal & Parietal 

from the Temporal lobe?

Origin of the corticospinal tract

(descending motor pathway)

Precentral Gyrus

Primary Motor Cortex

Brodman's area 4

Precentral Gyrus

Primary Motor Cortex

Brodman's area 4

How are the primary motor cortex and

primary sensory cortex organized?

somatotopic map

Homonculus

What is the area responsible for

programming necessary movements?

Premotor Cortex

Brodman's area 6

Difficulty performing purposive movements

even though no paralysis exists.

Where is the area that is important in the

production of written and spoken language?

Expressive or non-fluent aphasia

patient comprehends, but has difficulty

speaking, writing and reading

Primary Auditory Cortex

Wernicke's area

processing of visual information

What is the result of a lesion in the primary

auditory cortex of the temporal lobe?

Patient will experience humming, buzzing and

difficulty detecting direction a noise is coming from.

Where is Wernicke's area found?

Receptive or fluent aphasia

Fluent, but meaningless speech

Patient is not able to comprehend

Postcentral gyrus

Primary somatosensory cortex (Brodman's area 3,1,2)

comprehension of language

Arcuate fasciculus

spatial orientation and perception

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Brodman's area 3,1,2

It is the end point of the spinothalamic tract

which is concerned with processing tactile and proprioceptive information.

The parietal lobe assists in the comprehension of language.

Arcuate fasciculus

Neglect (aka hemi-inattention)

Astereognosis - inability to identify objects by touch

Inability to identify objects by touch

Caused by a lesion in the parietal lobe

Contains the primary visual cortex

Contains the visual association cortex

A deletion of part of the visual field

caused by a lesion in the occipital lobe.

The inability to recognize objects and their

colors caused by a lesion in the occiptal lobe.

They excel in sensory discrimination, emotional

and nonverbal thinking, artistic skills such as

drawing and composing music.

Cingulate Gyrus

Hippocampus

Amygdala

What is the result of a lesion in the

hippocampus of the limbic lobe?

The inability to form new memories

aka Alzheimer's disease

What might be the result of a

surgical lesion of the amygdalae?

It is the main sensory relay center for the nervous system

for all sensory EXCEPT olfactory!

It stops in some part of the thalamus

(with the exception of olfactory information)

What happens in the ventral postero-lateral

nucleus of the thalamus?

MIdbrain

Pons

Saccades are brief, rapid, voluntary eye movements on changing points of fixation.

They are used for tracking objects.

The cerebellum is concerned with equilibrium,

muscle tone, coordination of voluntary muscle activity,

and controlling eye movements.

Ataxia is lack of coordinated muscle movements,

especially in gait.

The brainstem is made up of the midbrain,

pons and medulla

Decerebrate rigidity

Decorticate rigidity

It is an abnormal posture with the entire body in extension, with the exception of flexed fingers.

It is caused by a lesion in the upper brainstem.

Prognosis is worse depending on involvement with the medulla oblongata (respiratory center).

It is an abnormal posture of extension in the LE's with flexion of the elbows, wrists and fingers.

It is caused by a lesion to one or both corticospinal tracts.

Usually better prognosis than decerebrate rigidity.

Cardiac & respiratory centers

Pyramids