Term
|
Definition
| The crux of any story. Conflicts are what drive a character’s actions. Conflict can be emotional or physical, internal or external. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the storyline; the events that make up the story. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. the overall feeling a story imparts, the mood. Tone can be serious, comical, dark, lighthearted, mysterious, uplifting, etc. Considering the desired tone effects each chosen element of the story.
2. In music, a pitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally, putting something side by side for comparison or contrast. In an image, juxtaposing elements leads the viewer to consider each in relation to the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of cycles of compression and rarefaction per second, measured in hertz (Hz), or megaHerz (mHz). Frequency determines pitch (low frequency is low pitch, high frequency is high pitch).
Human Range is 20-20,000 hertz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the height of a sound wave, which determines its loudness. The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attribute of sound that distinguishes specific sounds from each other. The timbre of a human voice, a trumpet and a saxophone are different, even when they are at the same pitch. Also known as tone quality or tonecolor. Mostly a product of overtones beyond the fundamental frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the speed at which a sound reaches full volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how quickly a sound drops back down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound which is transmitted by 2 speakers (channel one and channel two) each presenting a different set of sounds. Creates the impression of spaciousness, position, and movement in the soundscape. Requires more than one mic in the field (or a stereo mic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time relationship between two or more sound waves at a given point in the cycle. In phase increases amplitude, and out of phase decreases amplitude |
|
|
Term
| Inverse Square Law of Sound |
|
Definition
| intensity varies with the square of the distance. This implies: 1. get the mic as close as possible 2. Moving a mic a little makes a big difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pervading atmosphere of a space, sometimes a psychological feeling. Ambient sounds are the noises present in an environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a comparison between the strength of “signal” (the electrical strength) to the “noise” (noise present in the electronic system). A high signal to noise ratio is necessary to produce clear and present sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound directly from the source. Obtaining a higher amount of direct sound than indirect sound is highly important in audio recording. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called reflected sound. This is direct sound bounced off a surface. The further the microphone is away from the source of the sound, the more indirect sound is recorded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the collection of reflected sounds from surfaces in an environment. While some reverberation makes a sound livelier and gives it atmosphere, too much reverberation makes sounds run together and become unclear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a high ratio of direct sound to reflected sound. |
|
|
Term
| Distant Perspective Sound |
|
Definition
| has a high ratio of reflected sound to direct sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of notes of differing durations. The line of a musical piece; the tune. It’s what we remember most from music. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simultaneous sounding of two or more tones; can be consonant or dissonant; harmony can also happen in sequence, and is part of melody. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complementary harmony. Sounds agreeable, settled. Resolves tension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncomplementary tones. Can sound disharmonious, unresolved. Builds tension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interweaving of melody, timbre, and harmony. Subjective terms used to describe the feeling of the music, i.e. “dense, airy, oppressive, light, hard, coarse” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the range between the soft and loud parts of a musical piece. Rock and Pop usually has a very low dynamic range, compared to symphonic arrangements. Live orchestra concerts can have very high dynamic range. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shaping of a musical line with accents, rhythm and tone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pattern of a microphone’s sensitivity from different directions: Types include Omni-directional, Bi-Directional or Figure of Eight, Cardoid, Hyper Cardioid, and Super Cardioid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generally, something that converts one form of energy into another. A microphone’s transducer type is the device that converts the sound into electricity for recording. These include Condenser, Electret, Moving Coil, Ribbon, Crystal, and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound that is logically heard during a scene, including dialogue, music and sound effects corresponding to what we see on screen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound that is not logically heard during the scene. Most music is non-diagetic, as are some examples of mood-enhancing sound effects that are not logically part of the scene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a principle of sound that tells the listener psychologically how far away a sound is. In addition to being louder, a close sound is much different than a far sound—this is the proximity effect. Sounds can be recorded close and altered to appear in a different “location” in the soundscape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meaning behind the stories we tell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manipulates emotions
plot and character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Through "story" we can transcend the experience of
daily living and know ourselves as more enduring
than the little occurrences than mark our individual
existences. |
|
|
Term
| Non-Traditional Story Telling |
|
Definition
No narrator--no one to tell us how to experience the
story
•Wants to reflect the complexity of life
•Where we make the choices
•Manipulate/choose
•characters, concepts, place, colors, date/time,
excitement level
•Interactive Storytelling |
|
|
Term
| To use sound properly, and fully realize it's power, we need to do the following |
|
Definition
listen
understand basics of sound and
hearing
understand sound's fundamental effects on human communication
understand the recording/playback
process
know what is good sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paying attention to all sounds
perceiving the sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foreground
Background
characteristics
source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pitch, loudness, timbre, attack, decay, duration, tempo, rhythm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sound Wave
vibration of air molecules
compression + rarefaction = one cycle
travels 1,075 feet per second in air
cycles = frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tonal ratio of 2:1
ie, 20 to 40 hz = one octave
human range about ten octaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low Bass 20-80 hz--1st 2 octaves
Upper Bass 80-320 hz--3rd and 4th
octaves
Mid range 320--2560 hz--5, 6, 7 th
octaves
Upper Midrange 2560-5120--8th
octave--our most sensitive range
Treble 5120-20,000 hz--9 and 10th
octaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st harmonic--longest wavelength--fundamental
2nd harmonic--1/2 wavelength, 2 x frequency--1st overtone
3rd harmonic --1/3 wavelength, 3x frequency--2nd overtone
fundamental determines the note we hear
upper harmonics determine the “timbre” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amplitude measured in dB
range for humans 0 (threshold of hearing) to 120 (pain) and beyond
if signal too low--noise introduced
signal too high--distortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pitch, loudness, tempo, tone color, and
envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delicate, coarse, dense, airy, brittle, |
|
|
Term
| Functions of Music in Storytelling |
|
Definition
Establish Locale
Symbolic
Depict identity or personality
Lyrics as Narrator
Emphasize or intensify action
Provide counterpoint - platoon style
Unifying transition
Evoke Atmosphere, Feeling, Mood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More than just the sounds of a scene
layers of meaning
can reveal
can suggest
can hide/disguise
can establish
can be tied to specific event or character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More than just the sounds of a scene
layers of meaning
can reveal
can suggest
can hide/disguise
can establish
can be tied to specific event or character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Storyteller
Straight news report |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| action or sound of a scene tells us what is happening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
juxtaposes narration and action
Poetic, letter-like lines
makes a composite statement not present or explicit in either element
Explains inner thoughts and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Accent - location, social class, origin
Pace -
Patterns - sentence structure
Emphasis - stress a syllable or word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carbon - cheap and most common
Crystal and Ceramic - fragile
Dynamic Ribbon - Elvis style
Dynamic moving coil - most popular
Studio Condenser - Fragile Expensive
Electric Condenser - lavalier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large diameter - woofer
medium diameter - mid range
small diameters - tweeters |
|
|
