Term
| what are the 5 types of attention that can be impaired after TBI? |
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Definition
| sustained, focused, alternating, divided, working |
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Term
| what is sustained attention |
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Definition
| vigilance. Having to stay awake |
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Term
| what is focused attention |
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Definition
| ability to inhibit response to other stimuli. Ex: studying in a quiet room requires less focus |
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Term
| describe alternating attention |
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Definition
| Going from attending to one thing, being interrupted by something, then going back to the first thing. Ppl with TBIs lose the ability to make these changes in attention. |
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Term
| what is divided attention |
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Definition
| ability to do at least 2 tasks at once. Ex: walking and talking. Ppl with TBIs lose the ability to do 2 things at once because they have to pay attention to balance while walking, etc. |
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Term
| what is a functional problem of loss of divided attention |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pre-processing before memory that helps determine division of attention |
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Term
| what is a phonological loop |
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Definition
| encoding auditory information and knowing what they mean |
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Term
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Definition
| episodes of things that have happened to you. Reinforcer of the things we want to remember |
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Term
| how is executive control related to attnetion |
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Definition
| it is all about how you're going to spend your attention remembering something (visual semantics, episodic buffer, phonological loop) |
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Term
| what are the 2 memory types that may be impaired after TBI |
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Definition
| declarative/explicit and non-declarative/implicit |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of declarative memory |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| memory for facts and concepts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| describe declarative memory |
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Definition
| can store arbitrary associations after a single trial. Flexible - can be readily applied to novel contexts. Memory that can be verbalized and tested. Conscious process of learning information with rehearsal. |
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Term
| what brain areas are involved with declarative memory |
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Definition
| orbitofrontal, rhinal, hippocampus, amygdala, medial thatlamus, neocortex |
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Term
| describe nondeclarative memory |
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Definition
| procedural. Memory for pattenrs, motor functions, habits. Often not verbalizable. Generally acquired across multiple trials. Important in teaching motor skills. Inflexible - bound to the learning situation |
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Term
| what do you have to do to bolster implicit memory when it is impaired? |
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Definition
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Term
| what brain areas are involved with implicit memory |
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Definition
| neocortex, premotor cortex, basal ganglia, ventral thalamus, substantia nigra |
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Term
| what is another term for workign memory |
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Definition
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Term
| quantify the capability of short term memory |
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Definition
| holds 7 items for 1-60 seconds. AND holds massive amounts of information for less than 1 second - perception of things that occur |
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Term
| describe long term memory |
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Definition
| holds lots of info for long periods of time (days, months, years) |
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Term
| what is prospective memory |
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Definition
| remembering something you need to do in the future |
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Term
| what is anterograde amnesia |
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Definition
| inability to remember thigns after the accident |
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Term
| what is retrograde amnesia |
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Definition
| inability to remember things that occurred before the accident |
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Term
| what are common behavioral manifestations that result from orbitofrontal damage |
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Definition
| disinhibition, emotional lability, decreased judgment, distractibility, perseveration |
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Term
| what to do if a patient is disinhibited |
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Definition
| try not to react to their inappropriateness. Try to disengage when they act inappropriately |
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Term
| what are behavioral signs of orbitofrontal damage |
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Definition
| restlessness, hyperactivity, impulsivity, social inappropriateness, denial of deficits |
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Term
| what are attentional signs of orbitofrontal damage |
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Definition
| distractibility, disengagement, slow to process information |
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Term
| what are behavioral problems caused by dorsolateral prefrontal damage |
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Definition
| dysexecutive syndrome: problems with planning, strategy development, cognitive persistence, problem solving |
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Term
| what are planning and problem solving deficits in someone with dorsolateral prefrontal damage |
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Definition
| difficulty with new or comple situations. Trouble developing a plan. Concrete thinking. Trouble with performance evaluation |
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Term
| what is the presentation of someone with medial prefrontal cortex damage |
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Definition
| apathetic, passive. Decreased affect, initiative, maintenance of activity,motor, and verbal production |
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Term
| what does damage to the medial prefrontal cortex also affect |
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Definition
| connections to the amygdala |
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Term
| what is damage to left prefrontal cortex associated with |
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Definition
| depressive affect, decreased engagement, fewer facial expressions, decreased spontaneous speech |
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Term
| what iis damage to the right prefrontal cortex associated with |
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Definition
| greater irritability, agitation, and increased speech |
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Term
| what are the overall behaviors associated with prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| executive functions: goals, problem solving, planning, anticipating, initiating, persisting or shifting attention, monitoring error, modifying behavior |
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